Objective: The study is to conduct a component analysis of the dynamics of the incidence of BC (BC) in Kazakhstan, taking into account regions. Methods: Primary data were for registered patients with BC (ICD 10 -C50) in the whole country during the period of 2009-2018. Evaluation of changes in BC incidence in the population of Kazakhstan was performed using component analysis according to the methodological recommendations. Results: The study period, 40,199 new cases of BC were recorded. The incidence rate increased from 39.5 ( 2009) to 49.6 in 2018 and the overall growth was 2.8 per 100,000 population of female, including due to the age structure -∑Δ A =+2.99, due to the risk of acquiring illness -∑Δ R =+6.82 and their combined effect -∑Δ RA =+0.31. The component analysis revealed that the increase in the number of patients with BC was mainly due to the growth of the population (Δ P =+31.1%), changes in its age structure (Δ A =+18.0%) and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (Δ R =+41.0%). The increase in the number of patients in the regions of the republic is associated with the influence of demographic factors and with risk factors for getting sick, including mammographic screening. Conclusion: Thus, as a result of the component analysis, the role of the influence of demographic factors and the risk of acquiring illness on the formation of the number of patients and the incidence of BC was evaluated, while geographical variability was established. This research was the first epidemiological study of the dynamics of BC in the regional context by the method of component analysis in the population of Kazakhstan. The implementation of the results of this study is recommended in management of anticancer activities for BC.
Background and objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most widespread human malignancies. The aim of this study was to study trends of the incidence of CRC in Kazakhstan. Materials and Method: This retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results: During the study period from 2009 to 2018, 28,950 new cases of CRC were recorded, 13,779 (47.6%) cases were allocated to men and 15,171 (52.4%) to women. It was found that the incidence rate of CRC increased from 14.79 (2009) to 17.72 in 2018 and the overall growth was 2.93 cases per 100,000. This increase was due to the age structure -∑Δ A =+1.42, the risk of acquiring illness -∑Δ R =+1.31, and their combined effect -∑Δ RA =+0.20. The component analysis results revealed that the increase in the number of patients with CRC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+37.7%), changes in age structure (Δ A =+26.6%), and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (Δ R =+24.6%). The number of patients (both sexes) was increasing in many regions largely due to the influence of the age structure of the population. In addition, it was found that growth in the number of patients in most regions, both men and women, was associated primarily with the risk of acquiring illness. Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed increasing trends in the incidence of CRC in all regions of the country. These changes were mainly influenced by demographic factors (population size and age structure), risk of acquiring the disease, and their combined effect.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the baseline results of a pilot project conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of lung cancer screening using low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) in regions with excessive radon levels in the Republic of Kazakhstan.Methods: In total, 3671 participants were screened by low-dose chest CT. Current, former, and never-smokers who resided in regions with elevated levels of radon in drinking water sources and indoor air, aged between 40 and 75 with no history of any cancer, and weighing less than 140 kg were included in the study. All lung nodules were categorized according to the American College of Radiology Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS 1.0).Results: Overall, 614 (16.7%) participants had positive baseline CT findings (Lung-RADS categories 3 and 4). Seventy-four cancers were detected, yielding an overall cancer detection rate of 2.0%, with 10.8% (8/74) stage I and a predominance of stage III (59.4%; 44/74). Women never-smokers and men current smokers had the highest cancer detection rates, at 2.9% (12/412) and 6.1% (12/196), respectively. Compared to never-smokers, higher odds ratios (ORs) of lung cancer detection were found in smokers (OR,2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52 to 4.05, <i>p</i><0.001) and former smokers (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.06 to 5.06, <i>p</i>=0.003). The most common histologic type of cancer was adenocarcinoma (58.1%).Conclusions: Implementation of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in regions with elevated radon levels is an effective method for both smokers and never-smokers.
Relevance: Today, colorectal cancer is one of the most important health issues in Kazakhstan and worldwide. Colorectal cancer leading positions in the general structure of oncopathologies force clinicians to develop ways to improve its statistical indicators. The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2010-2019. Results: The article presents and analyzes the epidemiological indicators of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade. The incidence trends were studied considering the territorial characteristics, early detection, and neglect indicators for this type of malignant neoplasms in this country. We also analyzed the 5-year survival, one-year fatality, and mortality rates for the studied period. Comprehensive comparative analysis of these epidemiological indicators made it possible to visualize the results of many years of work to improve oncological indicators and formulate further improvement directions. Conclusions: An analytical assessment of colorectal cancer statistical indicators of over a decade showed an increase in incidence, with some regions leading year to year. However, such indicators as early detection, one-year fatality, and mortality from colorectal cancer have improved.
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