This paper examined the impact of liquidity, leverage, and total assets size of the bank on profitability. This study employed bank scope data of all 28 commercial banks operating in Nepal during the period of 2010/11 -2016/17. Altogether, the168 observations were used in the study. Three ordinary-least-squares models were applied to analyze the impact of liquidity, leverage, and the total size on the bank's profitability. The first regression model reveals that the higher loan to deposit ratio (low level of liquidity) was observed to have the negative effect on the bank's ROA, ROE, and NIM; however, ROE and NIM were statistically insignificant. The result of the second regression model shows that higher equity to assets ratio (lower leverage) positively affected two profitability measures, ROA and NIM, and was statistically significant-but was negatively related to ROE and statistically insignificant. The result of the final regression model reveals that the higher bank size appeared favorable to the Nepalese commercial banks and was found to have positive effects on all three profitability measures: ROA, ROE, and NIM. The results of the study could help bankers and policymakers to take an effective action in order to improve banks' profitability.

The purpose of this study is to assess the state of competition in Nepalese banking over the period from 2010 to 2019. This study employs panel data and a non-structural Panzar-Rosse model to measure the degree of competition in the Nepalese banking industry. The first reduced-form equation is applied to gauge competition, and the second model is used to test the long-run equilibrium in the banking market. The finding reveals that the Nepalese banking market is equilibrium in the long-run. It implies that the factor prices do not affect ROA in the long-run. The result of the H-statistic shows that the Nepalese banking system is operating under the state of perfect competition and is shifted from monopolistic competition to perfect competition. The reduced-form model reveals that the interest income is positive and significantly affected by factor prices. Similarly, the macroeconomic variable GDP growth is positively related to interest income. On the contrary, the bank's specific factors risk and the number of bank branches are inversely associated with the regressand. The outcomes of the study may be advantageous to the policymakers, especially to Nepal Rastra Bank to implement monetary policy and M&A policy for the stability and growth of the financial system of Nepal.

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This study investigated the effect of job satisfaction and perceived democratic leadership style of the managers on the organizational commitment of the employees working in the private banks in Nepal. The population in this study was all employees working in the private banks in Nepal. A hybrid instrument, which comprised pre-tested instruments, was used to collect the data. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis of the research was multiple regression analysis. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 25, was used for analyzing the data. The study's findings- job satisfaction of the employees and their perception of the democratic leadership style of their managers, had a significant positive impact on their organizational commitment. This study's originality is that this study shows how the employees' perception of their manager's democratic leadership style and their job satisfaction affect their organizational commitment to the Nepalese context.

Employees’ job satisfaction is a leading factor in determining their organizational commitment. The organizational commitment level affects the employees’ decision to leave or remain in their organization. The banking sector of Nepal has been facing a problem of high employee mobility from one bank to another. In the backdrop of this context, this survey intends to examine the effect of satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work on the three dimensions of organizational commitment using the Ordinary Least Squares model in the context of private bank employees in Nepal. This study used a survey method to collect data from 199 employees working in private banks in Nepal, using a standardized questionnaire. The collected data were coded, entered, and processed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. The outcomes of the study – satisfaction with the colleagues, promotion, and the nature of the work – had a significant positive impact on the affective and normative commitment of the employees, but the regressors had an insignificant effect on continuance commitment. The employees’ satisfaction from their colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work positively improves their affective and normative commitment. Nevertheless, this study found the predictor variables as irrelevant factors for explaining the continuance commitment of the employees in the context of the study. This study’s contribution is the idea of how satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and work nature contribute to the three dimensions of organizational commitment among Nepalese private bank employees.