AbstrakTumbuhan adalah salah satu penghasil bahan berkhasiat obat salah satunya sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa pada tumbuhan yang bisa berfungsi sebagai antioksidan adalah flavonoid, fenol, dan karotenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar flavonoid, fenol dan karotenoid total pada ekstrak daun Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia annua L. dan Artemisia dracunculus L. Ekstraksi terhadap masing-masing bahan dilakukan secara bertingkat menggunakan alat refluks, pemantauan kandungan senyawa dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan DPPH, penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode Ordon, penetapan kadar fenol total menggunakan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu dan penetapan kadar karotenoid total menggunakan pelarut n-heksana.
Bahan aktif senyawa flavonoid glikosida pada Aquilaria sinensis diketahui memiliki khasiat antiinflamasi dengan mekanisme penghambatan produksi agen pro inflamasi (Reactive Nitrogen Species) yang diproduksi oleh macrophage cell line. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan gel fraksi daun gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) yang berperan dalam penyembuhan luka bakar. Daun gaharu diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi dengan cara ekstraksi cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol. Gel fraksi daun gaharu diformulasikan dalam 3 formula dengan konsentrasi fraksi kering 4%, 6% dan 8%. Uji aktivitas dilakukan pada punggung tikus yang dibuat luka bakar. Diukur diameter luka awal dan persentase penyembuhan serta analisa histopatologi pada jaringan kulit yang luka. Hasil uji aktivitas luka bakar yang dilakukan diperoleh fraksi kering dengan konsentrasi 8% sebesar 45,56% konsentrasi 4% sebesar 32,77% dan 6% sebesar 37,72%%. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi yang diperoleh pada kelompok fraksi 8% jumlah sel radang lebih cepat berkurang dan pembentukan lapisan epitel dan kolagen lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok fraksi 4% dan fraksi 6%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi fraksi kering 8% lebih baik.
Diabetes mellitus in 2020 in the world was 422 million people, and 1,6 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood due to impaired function of the pancreas gland in producing the hormone insulin. One of the mechanisms of action of the antidiabetic drug class is α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors. Compounds that play a role in the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme from plant extracts are flavonoids. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) plants contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. Gaharu leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, then the extract obtained was fractionated using a liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol-water as solvents. The extracts and fractions obtained were tested for inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme as measured by a microplate reader at a wavelength of 405 nm and acarbose as a comparison. The inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme is expressed by the IC50 value. The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase enzyme from extracts and fractions of n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol-water were 90,87 µg/ml; 908,53 µg/ml; 89,78 µg/ml and 35,89 µg/ml and acarbose 19,08 µg/ml. The methanol-water fraction showed a very strong inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme.
Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acne. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode cakram kertas dan identifikasi golongan senyawa menggunakan metode bioautografi. Hasil yang diperoleh ektrak terbaik n-heksanaa terhadap bakteri P. acne mulai dari konsentrasi 2% menunjukan diameter zona bening 7,4 ± 0,9 mm. Bakteri S. epidermidis pada konsentrasi 2 % sebesar 6,5 ± 0,3 mm. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa pada ekstrak n-heksana terdapat senyawa asam lemak yang dominan yaitu asam palmitat 18,23% asam arakidonat 14,82% dan asam eikosapentanoat 12,49 %.
<p><em>Indonesia has various types of plants those have potential as medicine to overcome health problems in line with the expanding of traditional medicine industry. One example of plants from the Zingiberaceae family is Hedychium coronarium, which is not widely known by the community despite it has efficacy as an antibacterial which is not inferior to other Zingiberaceae family. The research was conducted to determine whether the Hedychium coronarium rhizome shown to have antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, knowing antibacterial compound that contained in Hedychium coronarium rhizome, also knowing the most effective extraction method to take the antibacterial compound from Hedychium coronarium rhizome. The gandasuli rhizome was extracted by maceration and reflux with 96% ethanol. Antibacterial activity test carried out by the agar diffusion method, and the analysis of antibacterial compounds with bioautography, and the results are monitored with vanillin-sulfuric acid. Maceration and reflux extract at a concentration of 90% has antibacterial activity with inhibition zones, each for 8 and 10 mm against Escherichia coli as well as 9 and 10 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. Bioautography results show a positive effect on the appearance of vanillin-sulfuric acid. Reflux extract has better antibacterial activity, while the antibacterial compound is an essential oil group.</em></p><p><strong> </strong><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Hedychium coronarium, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, bioautography</em><em>.</em></p>
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