Kefir is a dairy product commonly fermented by bacteria and yeasts. One of the potential vegetable milk materials to be used in kefir production is milk from red rice. Studies of fermentation of milk from red rice to produce kefir are barely found. This study aimed to determine the nutrient content of red rice milk kefir fermented using mixed of microorganisms, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Candida kefir, in various concentrations of 3%, 9%, and 15%, respectively. The content of carbohydrate, fat, protein, water, and ash was measured using proximate analysis, while their content of lactic acid and alcohol was assayed using titration method. The results showed that fat, water and ash content in all resulted kefir products met standard quality of kefir, whereas carbohydrates and protein content did not. Treatment using the set mixed starters at a concentration of 9% was found to be able to produce kefir with a lactic acid content of 2.19%. Increasing alcohol content of kefir was dependent by starters. Generally, all treatments were able to produce kefir with alcohol content of 1.5% on average. As conclusion, fermentation of red rice milk at concentration of mixed starters at 9% has nutrient content which meet standard quality of kefir.
Indigenous Trichoderma has widely used in late-blight epidemic areas in Magelang, Indonesia as biocontrol and biomodulator. But it application still lacks of scientific proof, even though it is potently to be developed. Therefore, this study aims to identify and evaluate indigenous Trichoderma application in eradicating late blight and increase productivity. This research was an experimental posttest-only using six experimental plots, with P0 plot with no treatment. The solution was made by dissolve indigenous Trichoderma solid-starter into water (m/v), then used for treatment. The treatment plots including: two groups of sprayed-only plots with doses of 100 g/ 10 L of solution for P1 and 150 g/ 10 L of solution for P2; and two group treated with sprayed-poured method using doses of 100 g/ 10 L of solution for P3 and 150 g/ 10 L of solution for P4. The positive control group was P5 group, treated using chemical pesticides and tuber booster. The microscopic identification revealed that the local bioagent was Trichoderma harzianum species. Application of T. harzianum in P4 was significantly increased the productivity. However, it was not effective in increasing growth, but able to reduce the intensity of late blight disease. The research revealed that native Trichoderma is able to be used as anti-infectious agent and potentially improve the quality of potato plants. In the future, this research may worthwhile for farmers to develop and produce trustworthy and proven Trichoderma-based biocontrol and help them increase the potato production economically.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Alpha-amylase inhibitors are chemicals that prevent amylase from degrading carbohydrates into monosaccharides. For instance, the Raru plant (Cotylelobium melanoxylon), which was widely used by the local people, particularly in Sumatra, was used to lower blood glucose levels. The goal of this study was to isolate an endophytic fungus from the Raru plant and test its alpha-amylase activity by optimizing treatment time, substrate concentration, and alpha-amylase inhibitor compound extraction. The activity of alpha-amylase was measured using spectrophotometry, and starch was used as the substrate. Four isolates of the endophytic fungus were isolated from Raru bark, including TR1, TR2, TR3, and TR4. Of these, the isolate TR3 had the highest alpha-amylase activity, reaching 88.71%. Alpha-amylase was optimally inhibited for 7 days with a percentage of 90.13%. At a substrate concentration of 2%, the inhibition of alpha-amylase was observed at 96.34%. While the highest extraction of alpha-amylase inhibitory compound was observed at 0.13 ppm with a percentage of 74.71% inhibition. Based on GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) analysis, compound 24, identified as1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, isophthalic acid group, was produced by endophytic fungi, exerting alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. This research would provide a new source of chemical agents to combat diabetes.
Prebiotic is a food supplement that can not be digested in the human’s gut, it can stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine and improve human’s health. FOS is a fructan type of oligosaccharide which is have a potential as a natural prebiotic, it can be produced by several microorganisms, including A. niger group. The aim of this research was to examined the FOS production of three isolates of A. niger group from DUCC collection (i.e. DUCC F123, DUCC F129 and DUCC F102). FOS production was determined by measuring the reducing sugar using DNS method. The result showed that all isolates have the capability in producing FOS suspected kestose with the degree of polymerization 3.545; 3.215; 3.049 respectively. Keywords:FOS, fructosyltransferase, Aspergillus niger, prebiotic
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