Background: Breastfeeding among postpartum mothers has been a problem due to low milk supply. As a result, mothers often decide to give formula milk or other additional foods, which might affect to the infant’s growth and development.Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of Moringa Oliefera on the levels of prolactin and breast milk production (baby’s weight and sleep duration) in postpartum mothers. Methods: Quasi-Experimental study with Non Equivalent control group design. There were 30 respondents recruited by purposive sampling, consisted of 15 respondents in intervention group and  15 respondents in the control group. This study was conducted from November until December 2016 in Four Midwive Independent Practice (BPM) in the working area of the Health Center of Tlogosari wetan Semarang. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test.Results: Findings showed that there was a mean difference of prolactin level in the intervention group (231.72 ng / ml), and the control group (152.75 ng / ml); and a significant effect on increasing the levels of prolactin (p = 0.002). The mean of baby’s weight in the intervention group was 3783.33 grams, and in the control group was 3599.00 grams. However, there was no significant effect of moringa oleifera on baby’s weight (p = 0.313> 0.05). While the mean difference on sleep duration was 128.20 minutes in the intervention group and 108.80 minutes in the control group. There was a significant effect on baby’s sleep duration (p= 0.000).Conclusion: There were significant effects of moringa oleifera on mother’s prolactin and sleep duration of the baby. However, there was no significant effect on baby’s weight. Thus, it can be suggested that moringa oleifera can be used as an alternative treatment to increase breast milk production and prolactin hormones. Midwives should promote the benefits of moringa leaves as one of alternative supplements.

Background: Pregnancy increases the risk of developing anxiety that may affect the fetus. Yoga is considered as an alternative therapy to reduce anxiety, blood pressure, and fetal heart rate.Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of prenatal yoga on anxiety, blood pressure, and fetal heart rate in primigravida mothers.Methods: There were 39 primigravida mothers selected using purposive sampling, which divided to be an experiment group with four-times prenatal yoga and eight-times prenatal yoga, and a control group. The Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HRSA) was used. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA and MANOVA.Results: There was a statistically significant difference of prenatal yoga on anxiety (P=0.005), systolic blood pressure (P=0.045), and fetal heart rate (P=0.010). However, there was no significant difference of prenatal yoga on diastolic blood pressure with p-value 0.586 (>0.05)Conclusion: There were significant effects of prenatal yoga on anxiety level, systolic blood pressure, and the fetal heart rates in primigravida mothers. The findings of this study can be an alternative treatment for midwife to deal with anxiety during pregnancy, and an input on the class program of pregnant women to improve the quality of maternal and fetal health.

Summaryobjectives To identify determinants of carriage of resistant Staphylococcus aureus in both hospitalized patients and individuals from the community in two urban centres in Indonesia.methods Staphylococcus aureus cultures and data on recent antibiotic use, demographic, socioeconomic, disease-related and healthcare-related variables were collected from 3995 community dwellers and hospitalized persons. Nasal S. aureus carriage was found in 362 persons (9.1%). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which variables were independently associated with carriage of resistant S. aureus.results The penicillins were the most frequently used antibiotics both in the community and in hospitalized patients. In the community, admission to a hospital was associated with carriage of S. aureus resistant to any of the tested antibiotics [odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-4.9] and any tetracycline resistance (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.1). Having no symptoms was associated with less carriage of S. aureus with resistance to any of the tested antibiotics (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9) and any tetracycline resistance (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9). Crowding (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-4.9) and low income (OR 8.9, 95% CI 1.8-43.9) were associated with multidrug resistance. In hospitalized patients, the use of penicillins was associated with resistance to any of the tested antibiotics (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4-11.6) and any tetracycline resistance (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1-12.0).conclusions Antibiotic policies including proper diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery process should be made by healthcare providers in Indonesia to help limit the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Background: One of the puerperal complication is uterine subinvolution that can cause bleeding to maternal death. Oxytocin massage can stimulate oxytocin hormone that plays a role in the process of uterine involution. Endorphine massage can increase the release of oxytocin and endorphine hormone that give a sense of calm and comfort. It also increases production of oxytocin hormone that can improve the process of uterine involution. Objective: To prove the effectiveness of a combination of oxytocin massage and endorphine massage to uterine involution in primiparaous mothers during postpartum period.Methods: This was a quasy-experimental study with pretest-posttest with control group design. Total samples were 44 normal postpartum mothers selected using purposive sampling technique, which were randomly assigned in four groups, namely: 1) oxytocin massage group, 2) endorphin massage group, 3) combined oxytocin-endorphin massage group, and 4) control group. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and One Way Anova to test the effectiveness of the intervention.Results: There were statistically significant differences of fundal height before and after intervention among the four groups (p=<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of oxytocin massage and endorphine massage proved most effective in accelerating uterine involution in normal postpartum mothers.

Background: Low milk production is one of the barries to exclusive breastfeeding. Oxytocin massage is considered as an alternative treatment, which combined with lavender essential oil as an aromatherapy.Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of oxytocin massage using lavender essential oil on the increase of levels of prolactin and milk production in primiparaous mothers after caesarean section.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group design conducted in October-December 2016 at the General Hospital of Dr.H. Soewondo Kendal. There were 32 recruited by consecutive sampling, divided to be intervention (16 participants) and control group (16 participants). Prolactin hormone levels were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA), breast milk production was measured based on the indicators of milk volume, urination and defecation frequency and sleep duration of babies; and infant’s weight was also measured by digital scale. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon test.Results: The mean difference of prolactin hormone level in control group was 17.82 ng / ml while mean of difference of hormone prolactin level in intervention group was 132.13 ng / ml. There were statistically significant differences between intervention and control group in prolactin levels (p-value 0.000), milk volume (p-value 0.000), infant weight (p-value 0.000), urination frequency (p-value 0.017), defecation frequency (p-value 0.002), and infant sleep duration (p-value 0.000).Conclusion: There was a significant effect of the oxytocin massage using lavender essential oil on the increase of breast milk production and prolactin levels. Therefore, oxytocin massage using lavender essential oil can be used as an alternative treatment for midwives and other health professionals in an effort to increase milk production in postpartum.