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The objective of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness implementation of the weather modification technology (WMT) for mitigating peatland fire disasters in Riau Province, Indonesia. The implementation of this WMT in Indonesia has been relatively new and challenging as this cutting-edge technology may increase the precipitation rates and therefore, it may reduce the risk of peat fire hazards in the huge massive areas. The Riau province has experienced serious peatland fire disasters from the period of 2014 to 2016. The evaluation of WMT in this article was focused on four regions within Riau encompassing Indragiri Hilir regency, Meranti Island, Pelalawan, and Siak. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data were used to calculate the precipitation rates. The method applied to evaluating the effectiveness of WMT was the Target Only Method (TOM). This method calculated the precipitation rates during the WMT period, which is compared to the historical precipitation data in a similar period. The total duration of a 3-year WMT implementation was 380 days, and the results were considered successful as an increase of precipitation rate (PCH) = 2.09 > 1.00. Hence, there was an increase in the average of precipitation rate during WMT period of 2014-2016 in Riau.

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Kota Pekanbaru dihubungkan melalui jalan menuju Kota Dumai, di Propinsi Riau yangmerupakan ruas jalur penting di Sumatera, dengan kondisi jalan 2 lajur 2 arah yang diprediksi akanmengalami overcapacity pada tahun 2015. Untuk memperlancar transportasi antara kedua kotatersebut maka direncanakanlah pembangunan jalan tol. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan identifikasirisiko pembangunan jalan tol ini sebagai salah satu bagian dari analisis kelayakannya. Penelitianini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengukur besaran probabilitas risiko dan dampak risikopembangunan jalan tol ini pada tahap pra-konstruksinya. Analisis risiko yang mungkin terjadi jugadikuantifikasi dalam bentuk probabilitas dengan melakukan simulasi menggunakan software@Risk Project. Diidentifikasi 5 faktor utama risiko pada proyek ini yaitu: risiko perizinan, studikelayakan, desain, pembebasan lahan dan investasi. Besar probabilitas risiko yang diukur padaproyek jalan tol pada tahap pra konstruksi ini lebih kecil dibandingkan parameter yang dikeluarkanoleh Puslitbang PU. Hal ini disebabkan kondisi masyarakat Riau yang relatif lebih kondusif dalampembangunannya. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh nilai rata-rata (mean value) pembangunan proyekini adalah Rp. 819,65 Milyar dengan rentang nilai rencana anggaran pembiayaan dari Rp. 783,07Milyar sampai Rp. 847,10 Milyar. Dampak risiko terhadap kenaikan rencana anggaran biayainvestasi sebesar 12,37% (Rp 102,24 Milyar) dengan faktor risiko sebesar 0.590 maka tergolongberisiko sedang. Risiko yang paling sensitif adalah (i) Ketersediaan lahan, (ii) Proses ganti rugi,(iii) Penolakan Masyarakat, (iv) Banyaknya calo tanah, dan (v) sumber pendanaan yang belumjelas. Maka mitigasi resiko dapat difokuskan pada lima parameter diatas.

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Purpose We conducted this project to develop a feasible method for mapping tropical peat lands of Bengkalis Island-as a test site-in Indonesia. Materials and methods The method based on limited availability of field measurements and a wide range of remotely sensed spatial datasets like radar elevation product, MODIS, and Landsat imageries. We applied land use category based sampling to extend existing field data of peat thickness. New peat thickness data was collected by boring and simultaneous electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Based on remotely sensed and field data sets, peat maps were compiled by simulated spatial annealing. Peat map statistics were derived after 500 runs including mean, median, minimum, maximum, and percentile values. Results and discussion The resulted maps represent the limiting values of expected peat thickness using 90% confidence level. Results showed that ERT is suitable for determining peat layer thickness. Using independent samples, we found that peat thickness predictions tend to overestimate peat thickness by ca. 2 m in general. Conclusions According to predictions, the peat volume of Bengkalis Island is estimated to be in the range of 3.28-3.58 km 3 .