The planned offshore wind farms in Germany are basically located in North region. For wind integration in Germany, establishing new transmission lines and employing new technologies have become unavoidable. Establishing new transmission lines is very costly and difficult regarding enviromental condition. One of the solutions is the utilization of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). This paper discusses a method for determining the placement of series compensation to control line overload in power systems with wind power penetration. By a sensitivity based method critical lines can be identified quickly and accurately, to obtain desired wind feeding into the system. Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) is applied for system stabilization as a typical FACTS devices. This method is applied to realistic scenarios in a test system, which simulates reduced 380 kV network of Germany. Simulation results showed that the proposed method is effective and can enhance the transfer capability margin of existing power systems.Index Terms--Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), load flow controller (LFC), offshore wind farms, optimal location, overload, sensitivity index, wind feeding.
The largest disadvantage of wind energy is the lack of exact predictability and its fluctuations, which are causing problems in the power system operation. The consequence is that even though other energy sources can be saved by using wind energy, the short-term power fluctuation has to be secured by a conventional plant. A possible solution can be the storage of wind energy. In this paper battery systems are analyzed as a backup for a 400 MW offshore wind farm with help of special developed calculation models. The goal is to reach small difference between forecasted and actual wind power and to increase the reliabilty of delivered wind energy using battery systems. For the determinations the properties of the battery system are considered and integrated into the calculation model. The overall target is to reduce the reserve energy requirement of the offshore wind farms.
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