ABSTRAK Anoa, yang merupakan salah satu satwa endemik di Indonesia, populasinya semakin menurun, sehingga saat ini dimasukkan dalam endangered species oleh International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aplikasi teknik inseminasi buatan (IB) pada anoa dan megetahui perilaku proses kelahiran. Penelitian melibatkan 2 anoa jantan dan 5 anoa betina di Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor. Semen dikoleksi menggunakan elektroejakulator, lalu dievaluasi dan diencerkan dalam pengencer Tris-kuning telur. Anoa betina yang estrus setelah disinkronisasi, diinseminasi intraservikal menggunakan semen cair (100 juta/1,0 ml), dalam keadaan teranastesi. Hewan yang tidak estrus melebihi 2-3 siklus setelah IB dianggap bunting, dan dikonfirmasi menggunakan ultrasonografi. Sebagai pembanding, dilakukan USG pada 1 anoa lain yang diduga bunting setelah kawin alam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 1 dari 4 ekor anoa dikonfirmasi bunting. Lama periode kebuntingan pada anoa adalah 313 hari (hasil IB) dan 324 hari (hasil kawin alam). Proses partus dapat diamati dan dibagi menjadi 3 tahap, dengan durasi setiap tahap adalah 6-8 jam (tahap 1, dikarakterisasi oleh kontraksi abdominal, dan pengeluaran dan perobekan kantong amnion), 30-60 menit (tahap 2, dikarakterisasi oleh pengeluaran fetus), dan 15-180 menit (tahap 3, dikarakterisasi oleh pengeluaran plasenta dan induk memakan plasenta). Disimpulkan bahwa teknik IB dapat diaplikasikan pada anoa di penangkaran dan karakteristik proses partus pada anoa adalah mirip dengan kerbau dan sapi. Namun demikian, pengeluaran anak terjadi pada posisi induk berdiri dan induk memakan plasenta.
Background and Aim: The Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) is a subspecies of Panthera pardus spp., spread across the African and Asian regions. Information on reproductive aspects is crucial for wild animals, including the Javan leopard. In this study, we aimed to develop electroejaculator (EE) techniques and evaluate cryopreservation success in Javan leopard semen. Materials and Methods: The semen of four adult Javan leopards was collected once a week using EE. Placement of the EE probe in the rectum was performed after ultrasound imaging (ultrasonography) to determine the prostate body location. The semen obtained was then evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Three Javan leopards were used for cryopreservation. The ejaculate was divided into two parts [i.e., one part diluted with AndroMed® (Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany) and the other part with Steridyl® (Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany)] at a 1:1 ratio immediately after collection and evaluation. The semen was then packed in a 0.25 mL MiniStraw® (Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany) then equilibrated at 4°C for 2 h. After equilibration, the straw was then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Frozen semen was then stored in containers until further evaluation. Results: The results showed that ejaculation response occurred at all levels of stimulation, while erections did not always occur. The fastest ejaculation and erection occurred at the fourth voltage. The macroscopic evaluation showed that the semen volume was 0.80±0.26 mL, cloudy white, pH 7.44±0.14, and with watery semen consistency. The microscopic evaluation showed that the sperm motility was 66.98±0.39%, with sperm viability of 75.6±1.79%. Sperm concentration was 62.17±46.95×106 mL–1 with a total concentration of 42.14±23.51×106 cells. Normal sperm morphology is only 40.72±6.26%. Conclusion: This study concluded that the development of a semen collection technique using an EE preceded by imaging of the EE probe location using ultrasound was effective for the ejaculation of Javan leopards. The characteristics of the semen of the Javan leopard showed moderate semen volume, sperm motility, and viability. Javan leopard showed low sperm concentration and normal sperm morphology.
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