The
growth of smart wearable sensing systems has gained immense importance
in the present mode of data acquisition and signaling in pharmaceutical,
healthcare, and wellness industries. Presently, application of smart
wearables is gaining prominence in several fitness activities, therapeutics,
and diagnostic areas. Smart wearable biosensors offer real-time monitoring
of physiological metrics and biomarkers that are specific to certain
diseases in ambulant condition. This review offers a broad overview
of the state-of-the-art progress on smart wearable biosensors focusing
on applications in point of care diagnostics. A careful comparison
of presently available commercial devices, implementation in clinical
trials, and validation also have been highlighted in the present review.
This work concludes with challenges and future prospects for scientists
and engineers working in the nascent interdisciplinary field.
The selection of dielectric material impacts the dielectric/semiconductor (D/S) interface which plays a significant role in defining the device performance. Hence, investigation of the D/S interfacial defects and trap states is essential for improving the device performance and designing new semiconductor and dielectric materials for organic field effect transistors (OFET). Here, the trap density of states (DOS) at the interface is investigated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). OFETs are fabricated with three different dielectric combinations and the highest mobility is found to be 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1. Detailed analysis of the semiconductor thin film and the D/S interface is performed by atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, time‐resolved photoluminescence and is found consistent with the DOS analysis. This work validates that IS can be utilized as a prospective DOS analysis method for OFET applications. Finally, for evaluating the potential application of the device architecture toward developing flexible electronic circuit components, the device is fabricated on a flexible substrate and the mechanical stability is examined by subjecting the device to a strain of 2.5%. The device shows no significant degradation in operation, confirming its practical utility.
Applications of organic
cocrystal systems to obtain semiconductor
materials with low band gap, balanced electron and hole carrier mobility,
low cost, solution processability, air stability, and easy preparative
route have been widely sought after in recent years. Herein, we describe
two organic donor–acceptor cocrystals (T2TC1)·toluene and T1P1TC2 comprising pyrene (P), triphenylene
(T) as the π-donors, and tetracyanoquinodimethane
(TCNQ) (TC) as the π-acceptor exhibiting significant
ambipolar semiconductor nature with charge carrier mobility values
in the range 0.01–0.03 cm2 V–1 s–1. Both the cocrystals possess mixed D–A
stack comprising triphenylene and TCNQ molecules, whereas the other
triphenylene or pyrene molecule is inserted between adjacent mixed
DA stacks. The cocrystals are characterized with appropriate band
gap (1.5–2.5 eV) and lower lying lowest unoccupied molecular
orbital level (−4.1 to −4.3 eV) for ambipolar charge
transport, low preparation cost, solution processability which make
them ideal organic semiconductor materials for practical application.
Theoretical studies show that high ambipolar semiconductor nature
is a result of synergism between two principal charge carrier transfer
pathways in cocrystal system viz. superexchange and direct paths owing
to the unique supramolecular features of cocrystals (T2TC1)·toluene and T1P1TC2.
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