Wearable Sensing Devices for Point of Care Diagnostics

Abstract

The growth of smart wearable sensing systems has gained immense importance in the present mode of data acquisition and signaling in pharmaceutical, healthcare, and wellness industries. Presently, application of smart wearables is gaining prominence in several fitness activities, therapeutics, and diagnostic areas. Smart wearable biosensors offer real-time monitoring of physiological metrics and biomarkers that are specific to certain diseases in ambulant condition. This review offers a broad overview of the state-of-the-art progress on smart wearable biosensors focusing on applications in point of care diagnostics. A careful comparison of presently available commercial devices, implementation in clinical trials, and validation also have been highlighted in the present review. This work concludes with challenges and future prospects for scientists and engineers working in the nascent interdisciplinary field.

Biosensors and Point‐of‐Care Devices for Bacterial Detection: Rapid Diagnostics Informing Antibiotic Therapy

“…In the review by Mondal et al, a wide range of commercially available seizure detection wearables were discussed, for instance, the Smart Sleep Mask by Neuro:On, Emfit Seizure Monitor by Emfit or even epilepsy seizure monitoring system by Holst Centre/IMEC Hobo Heeze BV amongst others. [203] The field of bacterial detection and growth monitoring using wearables is still in its infancy with very few wearable bacterial biosensors reported, most of them being proof-of-concept designs. Out of those, a popular example is the graphene-based tooth sensor which could detect bacteria present in saliva down to a single cell developed by Mannoor et al This device was widely discussed in the review by Kim and colleagues and the most recent 2021 publication by Sharma et al [10,204] However, the designs can be referenced to convert a laboratory designed POC biosensor into a commercially available medical equipment.…”

Optical Chemical Sensor Based on Fast-Protein Liquid Chromatography for Regular Peritoneal Protein Loss Assessment in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

“…In the context of clinical biochemical diagnostics, POCT means any laboratory test performed in patient care areas, either in a hospital or at home [8]. POCT biochemical diagnostic devices are extremely diverse and include hand-held analyzers, wearable [9,10] or smartphone-based sensors [11], single-use testing systems, paper-based microfluidics [12], or even bench-top analyzers [7], and they can be primarily intended for hospital or home use. The main distinctive feature of POCT devices is that they can be operated by personnel without special laboratory training, e.g., hospital or ambulatory nursing staff, paramedics, and patients, or their caregivers.…”

A comparison of three heart rate detection algorithms over ballistocardiogram signals

“…However, they do not support continuous monitoring. In contrast, wearable sensors such as actigraphs can support this function [9]. Nevertheless, they can introduce various challenges, especially for vulnerable populations with behavioral symptoms.…”