An indole–3–acetic acid producing Bacillus altitudinis WR10 was previously isolated from the root of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, the strain WR10 was used for relieving abiotic stresses in wheat under low phosphorus and high saline in hydroponic co-culture models. Significantly, strain WR10 improved wheat seed relative germination rate under salinity stress (200/400 mM NaCl) and the root dry weight in wheat seedlings under phosphorus stress (10 μM KH2PO3) when insoluble phosphates are available. To provide insights into its abiotic stress-alleviating properties, the strain was characterized further. WR10 grows well under different culture conditions. Particularly, WR10 resists salt (12% NaCl) and hydrolyzes both inorganic and organic insoluble phosphates. WR10 uses many plant-derived substrates as sole carbon and energy sources. It produces catalase, amylase, phosphatase, phytase, reductase, and 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. In addition, WR10 possesses long peritrichous flagella, and its biofilm formation, as well as phytase production, is induced by abiotic stresses. Overall, the salinity-alleviating property of WR10 in wheat can be attributed to its inherent tolerance to NaCl, formation of biofilm, and production of enzymes, like catalase, amylase, and ACC deaminase. Meanwhile, B. altitudinis WR10 reduces low-phosphorus stress in wheat by production of phosphatases and phytases in the presence of insoluble phosphates.
One of the most representative core gene sequence of dragline silk protein partial cDNA monomer (JN857964.2) was selected and multimerized using a "head-to-tail" strategy by compatible but nonregenerable sites at both ends resulting in a concatemer of 16 contiguous monomers. This concatemer was cloned into pET-28a(+) expression vector and transformed into . A 52.6 kDa silk protein was successfully expressed and detected by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blotting. A maximum yield of the silk protein was expressed with 7.06 mM IPTG after 5 h incubation. This is the first report on the construction and overexpression of a dragline silk multimeric gene construct results from our study will provide a reference point for further exploration and development of large-scale production of spider silk protein.
The white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) has become an important pest on rice in China and Southeast Asian countries. White-backed planthopper wing bud length is in relation to adult wing length, but little is known about the development and differentiation of wing buds at the molecular level. Using Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, we sequenced four cDNA libraries, two biological replicates of long-winged female fifth-instar nymphs (LW), and two of short-winged nymphs (SW). In total, 62,154 unigenes with an average length of 984 bp and N50 length of 1,878 bp were obtained by de novo transcriptome assembly. A total of 18,416 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted based on the unigenes. Ninety-three percentage of these ORFs could be annotated by searching for homology in six protein databases. A total of 184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 129 upregulated and 55 downregulated were found in SW compared to LW. Gene Ontology and euKaryotic Orthologous Group classification provided comprehensive information about the function of each gene. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed five enriched pathways including three metabolic pathways. In addition, we found that some DEGs were relevant to muscle movement and cuticle and likely involved in development and differentiation of wing buds. This study provided transcriptome resource of female fifth-instar nymphs of white-backed planthopper including long-winged and short-winged nymphs, and different molecular features between them lay the foundation for adult wing morph prediction, promoting further studies on planthopper population management.
Conotoxins are tools used by marine Conus snails to hunt and are a significant repository for marine drug research. Conotoxins highly selectively coordinate different subtypes of various ion channels, and a few have been used in pain management. Although more than 8000 conotoxin genes have been found, the biological activity and function of most have not yet been examined. In this report, we selected the toxin gene QcMNCL-XIII0.1 from our previous investigation and studied it in vitro. First, we successfully prepared active recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1 using a TrxA (Thioredoxin A)-assisted folding expression vector based on genetic engineering technology. Animal experiments showed that the recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1 exhibited nerve conduction inhibition similar to that of pethidine hydrochloride. With flow cytometry combined fluorescent probe Fluo-4 AM, we found that 10 ng/μL recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1 inhibited the fluorescence intensity by 31.07% in the 293T cell model transfected with Cav3.1, implying an interaction between α1G T-type calcium channel protein and recombinant QcMNCL-XIII0.1. This toxin could be an important drug in biomedical research and medicine for pain control.
Nilaparvata lugens (stal) is a rice pest and contains long‐winged and short‐winged varieties, called the wing differentiation. This study compared the protein profiles of the two wing‐types in females and two wing‐disc types 5th‐instar females by two‐dimensional electrophoresis analysis. We detected 172 and 174 protein spots in adults and 5th‐instar nymphs, respectively. The number of proteins with higher content in the long‐winged (disc) individuals is much more than that in the short‐winged (disc) individuals. A total of 32 differential protein spots were found, of which 20 were successfully identified. Their main function is about catabolic process, fiber and nucleoside binding, and they constitute 52 protein–protein interactions, which is around the glycolysis as the core. These results enrich the research on the protein Level in wing development, and provide more references for future studies.
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