One of the major problems faced by historic cities today involves the conservation of heritage buildings. Damage suffered by these buildings can be irreversible and fast-acting, leading to their disappearance over a short period. The study and analysis of the origin of the damage suffered by these buildings have proved themselves to be key to their conservation. Non-destructive testing (NDT) can detect problems indiscernible to the naked eye, thereby preventing potential losses. In this paper, a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of building structures integrated with the Finite Element Method (FEM) was applied to the Tabernacle Chapel; a building included in the northwest wing of the Cathedral of Seville complex. Despite the many interventions carried out to date, the issue of the chapel's deterioration has yet to be entirely solved. This research describes the results of a detailed constructive and structural diagnosis methodology for heritage buildings. The data provided from NDT methods, such as Digital Image Processing (DIP), Infrared Thermography (IRT), Laser Levelling (LL), Ambient Vibration Testing (AVT), and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), has been verified and integrated as boundary conditions in a 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) in order to establish the critical points of the structure, including the failure mechanisms. The results led to the conclusion that the main causes of deterioration involved the settling of the grandstand built in the northwest sector of the building and the effects of the thrusts of the dome on the lateral façades. An integrated implementation methodology of NDT and FEM has enabled accurate knowledge to be ascertained of the principal damage affecting this heritage building.
La gestión de inmuebles históricos encuentra problemáticas específicas en el caso del patrimonio fortificado que se localiza en contextos urbanos: demoliciones, afecciones arqueológicas, deterioro, etc. Dichas cuestiones se ejemplifican en el caso de la muralla medieval de Sevilla, construida prevalentemente en tierra mediante la técnica del tapial. Estas entidades, de gran extensión y elevada complejidad, resultan idóneas para el empleo de sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). La gestión cartográfica digital (GCD) aboga por el uso de modelos simplificados que permiten alcanzar la definición de la escala arquitectónica, facilitando el posterior uso de herramientas tridimensionales. La transversalidad que exige la construcción de una base de datos destinada a la conservación preventiva, y su componente multiescalar, requieren de un importante proceso de normalización que debe abarcar sus componentes terminológica, temática y espacial. El presente artículo comparte los resultados alcanzados en esta fase del proceso, atendiendo a la caracterización básica de aquellos elementos identificados en el sector de la Macarena. La transversalidad que exige la construcción de una base de datos destinada a la conservación preventiva, y su componente multiescalar, requieren de un importante proceso de normalización que debe abarcar sus componentes terminológica, temática y espacial. El presente artículo comparte los resultados alcanzados en esta fase del proceso, atendiendo a la caracterización básica de aquellos elementos identificados en el sector de la Macarena.
PurposeGrowing awareness of the importance of preserving the built environment has created an increasing demand for experts capable of performing building inspections to ensure a high level of preservation.Technical surveys include a set of procedures and tests that have become essential tools providing the necessary knowledge required for maintenance, preservation and improvement of buildings.Design/methodology/approach Within this set of inspection techniques, this paper presents a method developed to produce vertical deformation plans from the levelling data obtained from different floors of a building. It also explains how to perform accurate levelling and an outcome analysis to provide displacement maps. Thus, based upon obtained measurements, it is possible to achieve 2D contour maps and 3D surface mapping by means of specialized software that is typically used for cartographic and territorial analysis. The developed methodology provides easier analysis of the deformation of buildings and structures.Consequently, the method produces relatively accurate outcomes that are sufficient to make a proper assessment that facilitates the diagnostic and decision-making process. The case studies analysed show the applicability and usefulness of the procedure. Originality/valueThis sustainable and non-destructive system is an essential instrument for providing valuable and useful information to the specialist. The 2D/3D graphical data displays enable easier analysis of survey results, also aiding comprehension of these results in the context of liability claims.
In order to solve connectivity problems in metropolitan areas, the development of underground metro lines constitutes an unquestionable requirement. However, the construction work thereof encounters unfavourable circumstances when surface excavations must be carried out that cross historical areas of the city, due to the need to control surface movements. The design of the metro in the city of Seville (Spain) from 2004 to 2006 provides a representative example of this situation and triggered major upheavals that exerted repercussions on historical buildings. For these reasons, the excavation stages of Line 1 of this metro have been simulated by numerical methods using FLAC3D software and validated with the results provided by the real conditions. Consequently, various surface settlements have been evaluated by taking not only variates of the main parameters that characterise the soil of Seville, but also of the various load situations and excavation conditions. Notable results have been achieved through calibration of 54 variants of the same model corresponding to Line 1, and their comparison with the real results obtained in nine critical areas of the itinerary. The results obtained have made it possible to determine the effects of excavation on the subsoil of the city of Seville with great accuracy, since the percentage error of calculated vertical surface movements varies from 0.1% to 5.3%.
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