Marco metodológico para la conservación preventiva de murallas históricas emplazadas en contextos urbanos. Normalización de datos espaciales relativos a la muralla medieval de Sevilla (España): el caso del sector de la Macarena[1]

Abstract

La gestión de inmuebles históricos encuentra problemáticas específicas en el caso del patrimonio fortificado que se localiza en contextos urbanos: demoliciones, afecciones arqueológicas, deterioro, etc. Dichas cuestiones se ejemplifican en el caso de la muralla medieval de Sevilla, construida prevalentemente en tierra mediante la técnica del tapial. Estas entidades, de gran extensión y elevada complejidad, resultan idóneas para el empleo de sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). La gestión cartográfica digital (GCD) aboga por el uso de modelos simplificados que permiten alcanzar la definición de la escala arquitectónica, facilitando el posterior uso de herramientas tridimensionales. La transversalidad que exige la construcción de una base de datos destinada a la conservación preventiva, y su componente multiescalar, requieren de un importante proceso de normalización que debe abarcar sus componentes terminológica, temática y espacial. El presente artículo comparte los resultados alcanzados en esta fase del proceso, atendiendo a la caracterización básica de aquellos elementos identificados en el sector de la Macarena. La transversalidad que exige la construcción de una base de datos destinada a la conservación preventiva, y su componente multiescalar, requieren de un importante proceso de normalización que debe abarcar sus componentes terminológica, temática y espacial. El presente artículo comparte los resultados alcanzados en esta fase del proceso, atendiendo a la caracterización básica de aquellos elementos identificados en el sector de la Macarena.

Multi-Criteria Parametric Verifications for Stability Diagnosis of Rammed-Earth Historic Urban Ramparts Working as Retaining Walls

“…It is made of rammed earth, whose density was assumed to be 20 kN/m 3 according to physical tests on cored samples from several sector of the Seville city walls [11,35,36], which are in fact consistent with similar results in the literature [10,37,38]. [39,40]. Subsequently, some trenches were made near the wall towers to investigate the foundation level of the wall together with the type of soil, temporarily removing the backfill on the stem.…”

“…Although the configuration on both sides of the Macarena Wall is similar along its entire length, the third stretch starting from Saint Hermenegildo Church has been selected to carry out this study. According to the archaeological intervention directed by Florentino Pozo in 2008 [39,40], the rampart is 1.90 m thick, and its foundation is located at a level of 6.52 m. This research campaign has revealed that there is a slight difference in the topography of Macarena Street, with a level of 9.80 and 9.52 m at the north and south sides, respectively. There is also a slight difference in the top level of the wall at the border with the towers, ranging from 15.25 to 15.06 m. In both cases an average value has been considered.…”

“…Macarena Wall: (a) general view and (b) plan view.The most recent interventions in the Macarena Wall have led to a variation in the backfill level on the barbican side. During the last archaeological works in 2008, an excavation of approximately 1.50 m in depth was carried out until the backfill level of the Almohad period was reached[39,40]. Subsequently, some trenches were made near the wall towers to investigate the foundation level of the wall together with the type of soil, temporarily removing the backfill on the stem.…”

Modelado 3D de la muralla de la Macarena (Sevilla). Propuesta metodológica para su integración en trabajos de gestión cartográfica digital

“…Cartographic Management (DCM) is positioned as a validated protocol for the multidisciplinary study of historic buildings, from different scales and degrees of complexity. This protocol is based on the use of simplified models that allow the definition of the architectural scale, facilitating the subsequent use of threedimensional tools (Canivell et al 2020) This work is part of the tasks promoted by the "Specific collaboration agreement between the University of Seville and the Urban Planning Management of the City Council of Seville, for the development of strategies aimed at the restoration and subsequent preventive conservation of the medieval wall of Seville". This agreement, initiated in 2019, aims to design a comprehensive preventive conservation plan for the preserved sectors of the medieval wall of Seville (Canivell et al 2019).…”

“…The application of these levels provides a clear flexibility in the definition of the elements of the wall, from the urban scale to the architectural detail. This hierarchical system of levels is set out in detail in Canivell et al 2020, and it is briefly explained bellow.…”