PURPOSE: To verify if rat kidneys lesioned by ischaemia followed by reperfusion are affected by cyclosporine A (CsA). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, control (GS) and experimental (G1 and G2). G1 was subdivided in two: G1A composed of animals submitted to 60 minutes ischaemia and G1C with the same ischaemic procedure associated to 20 mg/kg/day CsA. Group G2 was subdivided and treated in the same way as G1 except that ischaemia was applied only for 40 minutes. Clamping the left renal artery followed by right side nephrectomy induced kidney ischaemia. Serum urea and creatinine were quantified on the day of surgery (D0) and in the following day (D1). Twenty four hours after reperfusion the left kidney was removed and histologically analyzed. RESULTS: Group GS had normal values for urea and creatinine both on D0 and D1 and did not show structural alterations. Renal function was not significantly different when G2C was compared to GS (p>0.05). Tissue lesions were smaller in G2C than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Renal function was protected by CsA, which also reduced tissue lesions in the kidneys of rats submitted to 40 minutes ischaemia.
This study aimed to determine the antifungal and antibio lm activity of Agelas dispar on bio lmproducing of Candida species. Methanolic extract of A. dispar was obtained and the fraction Ag2 showed inhibitory activity for all the 13 Candida strains tested, in concentrations ranging from 2.5 mg/ml to 0.15625 mg/ml. Antifungal activity of fungicidal nature was seen between 5.0 mg/ml and 0.3125 mg/ml of extract against the strains. All strains were classi ed as bio lm producers. Methanolic extract Ag2 was tested at concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml and 1.25 mg/ml for antibio lm activity against the bio lm in formation and mature bio lm from all the strains of the genus Candida. Treated and untreated bio lm samples were selected for visualization on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM allowed the visualization of the quantitative decrease of the microbial community, alterations of structural morphology and destruction, at the cellular level, in both forming and mature bio lm. It was suggested that the mechanism of action of the fraction is at a plasma membrane and/or cell wall alteration level.The fraction of methanolic extract of A. dispar may be a promising antifungal and antibio lm therapeutic strategy against different species of the genus Candida.
Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose e a sua coinfecção TB-HIV nos estados da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte Evaluation of the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis and its TB-HIV coinfection in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte
A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pela bactéria Mycobaterium tuberculosis. A sua disseminação entre os indivíduos se dá por meio do contato direto, visto que as pessoas infectadas eliminam ao falar, tossir e espirrar, gotículas de saliva contendo os bacilos infecciosos. Entretanto, sua transmissão também pode ocorrer de maneira indireta, diante do contato com objetos contaminados. Embora a enfermidade possua tratamento e diagnóstico significativamente baratos e eficazes, a mesma ainda representa um problema de saúde pública em diversas nações, possuindo considerável morbimortalidade e maior prevalência entre países subdesenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. O Brasil apresenta-se como uma das nações que manifestam elevados índices de tuberculose, apresentando um valor aproximado de 60 a 70 mil casos por ano, distribuídos pelas regiões nacionais. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo a realização de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo sobre a tuberculose no estado da Paraíba, visando comparar dois municípios deste estado nordestino: Campina Grande e João Pessoa. Objetiva-se apresentar que, dentro de um mesmo estado, é possível observar realidades distintas no que diz respeito à disseminação e ao padrão de doenças infecciosas. Foi realizada uma extração de dados provenientes de notificação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, selecionando as seguintes variáveis: “Sexo”, “Faixa Etária”, “Escolaridade”, “Etnia/Raça”, “Tabagismo”, “Drogas Ilícitas”, “Diabetes”, “Alcoolismo” e “Forma da doença”.
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and toxicity potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of L. racemosa (EHALr) a mangrove plant. The results showed that the extract was able to promote moderate antioxidant activity. In acute toxicity assays, EHA-Lr showed low toxicity, with no significant changes in animal and organ weights and in biochemical and hematological parameters. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, the 200 mg/kg dose of EHA-Lr was most effective in reducing leukocyte migration in the paw edema model and in the LPS-induced acute lung inflammation model the 50 mg/kg dose was most effective in reducing plantar volume. The antimicrobial potential of the hydroalcoholic extract was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcencens, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis strains, proving to be effective. However, the extract was most active against the Micrococcus luteus strain (0.93mg/mL). The hydroalcoholic extract of L. racemosa leaves showed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, with low toxicity, which makes it a strong promise to be applied or combined in clinical therapy.
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