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Since last decade, biogenic synthesis of metal or metal-oxide nanoparticles is emerging as an alternative method, which is environment friendly, simple and safe to use. In this article, fruit waste (peel) extract (FWE) of three citrus fruits viz. Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus limetta were used as bio-reductant for green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). As-synthesised AgNPs were characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. TEM studies revealed 9-46 [ 1 1 6 _ T D $ D I F F ] nm size range of synthesized AgNPs. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also studied by using Agar well diffusion method and DPPH Assay, respectively. Nanoparticles showed good antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive (S. aureus) and Gram negative (E. coli) bacteria. Further, bioactivity assays revealed selective cytotoxicity (anticancer) of the nanoparticles against human lung cancer cell line A549. The nanoparticles are able to induce cancer cell specific apoptosis at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. The results showed potential mechanism of action of nanoparticles via augmentation of antioxidant system in cancer cells. Over all, this study show multifaceted potential bioactivities of nanoparticles generated from fruit waste.

This work aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles via an environmentally benign route, using the aqueous extract of Punica granatum as a precursor as well as a stabilizing and reducing agent.

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Pencil is one of the most widely used electrode material in electrochemical sensing of various organic and inorganic species with significant lower detection limit. Due to their lower background currents, superior sensitivity, reproducibility, amendable electroactive surface area, cost effective and ease of disposability, pencil graphite electrode has gain considerable attention in recent years. It signifies a viable substitute to other expensive traditional electrodes such as Glassy carbon, Gold, Boron-doped-diamond, platinum etc. This review addresses a wide overview of the characteristics, preparations, pre-treatment and application of bare PGE and in combination with other modifier as electrochemical sensors for the quantification of organic pollutants specifically pharmaceuticals and pesticides.