Inspired by the social representation theory, the article embraces many aspects of the way in which the space dimension in social distancing has become a central measure for both one’s own and others’ health protection during the Covid-19 pandemic, evoking symbolic dimensions related to the social representations of “others” that are emotionally driven by fear or mirror the vulnerable self, activating the othering–otherness process. This invisible (sometimes stigmatized) “other”—never previously known—has in a few months infected more than 11 million people on the global scale and caused more than 500 thousands deaths (as of 30 June 2020:
https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/
). It has dictated where we can go, whether and how we can work, and whom we can meet, induced the virtualization of social relationships (“neighbours from afar” and “together but divided”), and confined working and socio-recreational activities to the home. The socio-spatial prescriptive distancing assumes various meanings in cultural contexts depending on whether lifestyles are more collectivist or individualistic and whether social practices are marked by crowded social proximity or distance. The social representations of cities as complex systems of “places” conceived for social “coexistence” have moved to prescriptive rules of inter-individual spaces (1 m, 2 m, and even more) for “survival”, with significant effects on place identity.
La perception des violations des droits de l'hornrne par de jeunes individus instrts dans des contextes nationaux difftrents est-elle organiste selon des principes cornparables 1 ceux d'experts ou d'institutions intemationales? La prtsente ttude contribue B tlucider cette question en la situant dans le champ de la psychologie sociale. La reprtsentation sociale des droits hurnains a t t t analyste par le biais d'un questionnaire standardis6 sournis B des sujets de quatre pays (Costa Rica, France, Italie et Suisse) l g t s de 13 B 20 ans. Les rtsultats rnontrent que les individus partagent dans une large rnesure une conception institutionnelle des droits humains. De fortes variations B l'inttrieur et entre les contextes nationaux apparaissent ntanrnoins. en particulier dans la dtlirnitation des libertts individuelles et du contr6le Ctatique. Do youths of different countries organize their beliefs about violations of human rights according to principles defined by experts or international organizations? This study explores how social psychological research proLes demandes de tires-&part ainsi que toute correspondance concernant cet article doivent &re adresstes il Alain Cltmence, Facultt de psychologie et des sciences de l'tducation, Universitt de Gentve, 9. route de Drize, CH-1227 Carouge-GE. Annick Percheron est dtcCdte le 15 mars 1992. Nous tenons B souligner son r81e pionnier lors de I'tlaboration de la prtsente recherche. Ce texte lui est didit. Nous remercions J. Chiche et A. Muxel qui nous ont mis B disposition les donnees recueillies en France ainsi que M. Egloff et D. Spini pour leur aide il la rtcolte des donnees en Suisse. La prtsente recherche a C t t rtalisee dans le cadre d'un projet financt par le Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique (subside no 11 14-037604.93/1). Q 1995 Union Internationale de Psychologie Scientifique Downloaded by [Cambridge University Library] at 22:27 16 August 2015 182 C&MENCE ET AL.vides an answer to that question. Social representations of human rights were investigated with the use of a questionnaire submitted to students aged 13 to 20 in four countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy and Switzerland). Results indicate that for the most part individuals adhere to an institutional definition of human rights. However, the extent to which limitations of individual freedom and governmental control were accepted varied greatly within and between countries.
INTRODUCTIONLes ddbats autour de l'universalitd des droits de l'homme, comme ceux contenus dans la Ddclaration universelle des droits de l'homme proclamde en 1948 par 1'Assemblde gdndrale des Nations unies, ne sont pas pr&s d'etre tranchds. Dans ces ddbats, l'argument des diversitds culturelles occupe une place importante et rdvble bien la complexitd du probleme. Une distinction est souvent faite entre cultures qui favorisent des valeurs plus communautaires et d'autres privildgiant davantage une conception individualiste (voir par exemple Schwartz & Bilsky, 1990). Les conceptions traditionnelles des droits de l'homme (D...
Grounded in social representation theory and its empirical investigation into the ‘social arena’, inspired by the ‘modelling paradigmatic approach’, the research presented in this article is part of a larger project aimed at reconstructing the ‘multi-voice’, and ‘multi-agent’ discourse about (im)migration. Specifically, this contribution’s focus is on the exploration of shaping and sharing social representations about (im)migrants through communication via the social medium ‘Twitter’. A total of 1,958 tweets (967 Italian and 991 English tweets) were analysed through Systeme Portable Pour L’Analyse Des Donnees Textuelles [Portable System for Textual Data Analysis]SPAD in two lexical correspondence analyses. The results show a dichotomous discourse organising a semantic space structured around five different factors for the two distinct Twitter corpora: both clearly show polarised social representations of ‘immigrants–migrants’, leading to exclusion–inclusion policies depending on the discursive agent’s ideological affiliation in the Italian and the international political frame. Used as a propaganda tool, Twitter echoes the related pro- and anti-immigration polemical representations of opposite political leaders in posts that are positioned differently in relation to the progressive/conservative ideology.
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