Vegetable concentrates and powders can be used in the process of pasta production as natural colouring components. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of the addition of different vegetable components (powders and concentrates) on the colour, chemical composition, cooking and sensory quality of pasta. Tagliatelle was made from durum semolina substituted with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of beet powder (BP), beet concentrate (BC), carrot powder (CP), carrot concentrate (CC) and kale powder (KP). The addition of concentrates caused a greater change in the colour of the pasta (DE: 12.45-48.01) than the analogous addition of the powders (DE: 6.24-45.31); however, the colour of the products was unstable and less resistant to cooking. The incorporation of the vegetable powders induced a greater increase in the content of ash and total dietary fibre in the pasta than the addition of the concentrates.bc ¼ A bc  dilution=1120 bx ¼ A bx  dilution=750; and expressed in lg g À1 d.m: Carotenoids (car) and chlorophylls (chl a and b) were determined according to the method described by Vegetable components in pasta production A. Sobota et al. AE 0.19 d 23.37 AE 0.20 b 7.59 AE 0.34 b 4.54 AE 0.08 d 1.56 AE 0.09 b 4.98 AE 0.01 c 35.32 AE 0.46 b 19.66 AE 0.25 b 15.66 AE 0.21 a KP 60.91 AE 0.39 d À6.54 AE 0.10 f 18.01 AE 0.30 d 4.97 AE 0.10 c 29.3 AE 0.16 a 6.13 AE 0.06 a 12.45 AE 0.01 a 49.86 AE 0.27 a 35.54 AE 0.05 a 14.32 AE 0.32 b Mean value (n= 3) AE SD. Different letters (a-f) within the same column represent significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). Vegetable components in pasta production A. Sobota et al. ≤ 0.05). Different capital letters for L* a* b* and ΔE in the same row represent significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).
The effect of everlasting pea in combination with wheat on physical properties and microstructure of extrudates were studied. The share of everlasting pea (Lathyrus sativus) was variable, at 35, 50 and 65 %, respectively. The everlasting pea-wheat mixtures were moistened to the required level (18, 21, and 24 %), homogenized, conditioned and extruded in twin-screw extruder with counter-rotating conical screws. All of the obtained extrudates were characterised by a slow degree of radial expansion and high specific density. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated a statistically significant linear Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) between chemical compositions of the blends and physical properties of the extrudates. The expansion ratio increased as the concentration of the fibers and proteins increased, while specific density and hardness decreased. Inverse relationship was observed for crude fat. The microstructure of the extrudates was determined by both the moisture of the blend and the process temperature. The differences observed in the size, number of air cells and in the cell wall shapes and thickness indicate possibilities of the modification of physical properties of everlasting pea-wheat extrudates. The extrudates produced from everlasting pea-wheat blends (50:50) at higher barrel temperature (110/140/180/170/130 °C) were characterised by more numerous air cells of smaller diameters. Increasing moisture content of extruded blends results in extrudates with a higher porosity. No significant effect was shown in the chemical compositions on the level of metal contamination in the extrudates. The application of a counter-rotating twin-screw extrusion-cooker in the study permitted the production of compact, hard everlasting pea-wheat extrudates for use in vegetarian lunch dishes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.