Аннотация. В настоящей работе описаны структура и теоретико-игровые и гидротехнические механизмы управления гидрологическим режимом ВАП, целью которых является повышение эффективности использования паводковых вод для затопления ее территории. Основой исследования являются созданные ранее цифровая модель рельефа и гидродинамическая модель динамики паводковых вод. Ключевые слова: гидрологический режим, механизмы управления, цифровая модель рельефа, гидродинамическая модель, Волго-Ахтубинская пойма.
Extreme flooding of the floodplains of large lowland rivers poses a danger to the population due to the vastness of the flooded areas. This requires the organization of safe evacuation in conditions of a shortage of temporary and transport resources due to significant differences in the moments of flooding of different spatial parts. We consider the case of a shortage of evacuation vehicles, in which the safe evacuation of the entire population to permanent evacuation points is impossible. Therefore, the evacuation is divided into two stages with the organization of temporary evacuation points on evacuation routes. Our goal is to develop a method for analyzing the minimum resource requirement for the safe evacuation of the population of floodplain territories based on a mathematical model of flood dynamics and minimizing the number of vehicles on a set of safe evacuation schedules. The core of the approach is a numerical hydrodynamic model in shallow water approximation. Modeling the hydrological regime of a real water body requires a multi-layer geoinformation model of the territory with layers of relief, channel structure, and social infrastructure. High-performance computing is performed on GPUs using CUDA. The optimization problem is a variant of the resource investment problem of scheduling theory with deadlines for completing work and is solved on the basis of a heuristic algorithm. We use the results of numerical simulation of floods for the Northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain to plot the dependence of the minimum number of vehicles that ensure the safe evacuation of the population. The minimum transport resources depend on the water discharge in the Volga river, the start of the evacuation, and the localization of temporary evacuation points. The developed algorithm constructs a set of safe evacuation schedules for the minimum allowable number of vehicles in various flood scenarios. The population evacuation schedules constructed for the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain can be used in practice for various vast river valleys.
The software complex is designed to investigate the possibilities and efficiency of hydrotechnical projects in floodplain areas by the geoinformation and hydrodynamic modeling technologies. The complex has the properties of data extensibility, algorithms and tasks implemented through extensible databases, modularity and frame structure of computer programs. The structure is described as a set of three complex modules: state, projects, and research. The state module includes: a three-species zoning module (hydrological, socioeconomic, biospheric), a channel structure module, a module for calculating aggregated dependencies by zones and the whole territory. The state
The article examines the semantic field “suffering” that represents a fragment of the emotional and sensual existence of a language personality. The linguopersonological research based on the material of the idiolectal vocabulary of Vera Vershinina, a Siberian old resident, continues the comprehensive description of a dialect language personality made by Tomsk dialectologists. The research sources are A Complete Dictionary of a Dialect Language Personality edited by E.V. Ivantsova, transcripts of the informant’s speech made through participation in the linguistic existence of the speaker. The article focuses on 52 lexical and phraseological units. The research aims to describe a fragment of an individual linguistic worldview representing suffering. The view on the research object develops in the following way: word – definition – examples represented in the dictionary – text – idiolectal discourse. At the first stage of the research, the lexical and phraseological units are divided into seven functional semantic classes (FSC) according to the categorial lexical seme uniting them. The researcher examines the numerical composition of each class, the linguistic features of its elements (presence of figurative units, features of the use of the examined words). The most developed is the FSC of emotional state, since suffering is perceived as a long and deep feeling caused by a certain reason, but infinite. Classes of emotional impact and receiving the emotional state characterize suffering as a feeling hurting physically, exhausting with its length and intensity. A large number of units with the semantics of weeping in the FSC of external expression of emotions can indicate that the informant replaces reflection with a detailed description of external manifestations of suffering. Classes of emotional characterization and attitude show the informant as a person deeply empathetic to the grief of others. The last FSC demonstrates that names of the feeling and the situation causing this feeling coexist in one unit, which is typical for representatives of the folk speech culture. At the second stage of the research, the author describes the most frequent situations associated with the actualization of the semantic field “suffering” in the informant’s speech. These situations include: disease or death; disability caused by an injury; difficult living conditions, etc. It corresponds to the core values of the traditional peasant culture: life and health of a person, wealth, stability of a family’s life. The material shows that, for the dialect speaker, suffering is one of the dominants of reality, a constant of everyday life fully accepted by the speaker. However, the informant does not ignore other people in her grief, she is empathetic towards their life because of such personal qualities as optimism and spiritual power.
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