The world prefers to increase energy efficiency and use energy from renewable and alternative sources. Ukraine has chosen the same path. To form recommendations for improving state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy, the authors conducted a thorough analysis of the state of renewable energy in Ukraine and its legislative support. The advantage of the study is the visual presentation of data. Thus, the authors presented and analyzed which energy sources Ukraine uses for its own needs, the essence of the Ukrainian energy balance and its state in 2019. The authors found that the development of renewable energy is one of the "Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine", which are based on the world. The authors noted the objectives and indicators of the goal, assessed the value of the indicators and found that, even though the goal is one of the most important goals because it is in third place in the number of amendments to existing regulations, there is a lag in plans and more lag on some additional tasks. The authors systematized the legal basis for the functioning of renewable energy and revealed this process' subject-object relations. The analysis showed that the improvement of state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy should be based on European norms and standards but consider national specifics. The authors proposed and described the principles of improving state support for the sustainable development of renewable energy, which should be based on ensuring the balance of interests of the three main stakeholders of the renewable energy market: the state, energy consumers and investors.
The research is based on idea that sustainable development like a basic idea remains the same from the beginning but its content, priorities, and methods are evolving simultaneously with the economy. The comprehensive analysis of stages of evolution and prognosis of economic development will give a clue of the future sustainable priorities. Evolutionary changes in the economy created the background and incentives to the concept of sustainable development progress. The main idea of sustainable development, which could be briefly described like balancing between the scarcity of resources and infinity of ideas (desires) for an uncertain long period of time, is consistent with the basic principles of the economy. That gives us a possibility to predict when the next step in sustainable development will be done in accordance with the world economic dynamic. Systematization and analysis of economic development through the prism of sustainable development give us a clue for understanding instigators in the sustainable development evolution: The necessity of overcoming economic resections and crises in the most efficient and effective way. That means that we also need new ideas, new imperatives for development and basis for overcoming social inequity which has been deepening during every economic trouble and slowed down the reforming because of low governmental support; the increasing world inequality which exacerbates the global imbalance and at the end slows down the world economic development. The evolution becomes possible when coming through all stages of evolutionary developmentde-coordination, re-coordination, new order. The first phase corresponds to the creation of a point of disturbance, which could be a potential source of growth or change. The second phase is the process of re-coordination of macrolevel (macro order) as a result of continuing dissatisfaction of local unites and the impossibility of meso level to solve them. The third phase is the creation of the new order, different from the older one by its approaches, methods, tools for solving the problems raised from the microlevel and also added through globalization processes and openness. This is the evolution of sustainable development, and these processes can be tracked and predicted through the evolutionary economy.
доктор економічних наук, доцент, завідувач кафедри публічного управління та адміністрування, Донецький державний університет управління Харланова Д.А.
The article researches financing instruments of public and local programs and projects in Ukraine and Poland (budgetary, grant, financial, credit and investment instruments). The purpose of the article is to determine the possibilities of using financing instruments of public and local programs and projects in Ukraine and Poland for the implementation of national and regional public policy. Research methods — comparative analysis of analytical and official statistics of Ukraine and Poland based on the classification of groups of financing instruments of public and local programs and projects. It has been proved that the main instruments for financing public and local projects and programs in Ukraine and Poland are budget (subventions, local targeted programs) and grant instruments (grant programs, international technical assistance). The evaluation of the distribution structure of funds within the framework of individual programs in Poland and Ukraine made it possible to allocate key objects of grant financing in Ukraine (education, sports, health and social protection) and in Poland (territory planning, road transport infrastructure, business development and innovation). It is determined that international loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Investment Bank are an important financial and credit instrument in countries, as evidenced by the total volume of loans attracted by countries from international organizations. The peculiarities of development and implementation of investment instruments of financing of public and local programs and projects were studied: public-private partnership, leasing activities. The conclusions summarize mechanisms for the use of financing instruments in Ukraine and Poland and propose ways to strengthen existing capacities and improve the financing process of public and local programs and projects for Ukraine.
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