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The authors declare no conflict of interest

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SummaryTransplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment method for non-malignant diseases and inherited disorders. Development of acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) is a negative factor with adverse effects upon clinical outcomes. Usage of "novel" schedules for drug prophylaxis of this complication using posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PtCy) seems to decrease the GVHD risk.The aim of this study was to assess efficiency of PtCy as a tool for aGVHD prevention in the patients with non-malignant diseases of hematopoiesis and inherited syndromes. PATIENTS AND METHoDS97 patients with non-malignant blood disorders and metabolic diseases underwent allo-HSCT at the R. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology and Transplantation over a period of 2005 to 2018. A total of 118 HSCTs were carried out. The aGVHD prophylaxis in 89 cases was performed by a standard schedule (with calcineurin inhibitors). 29 patients were treated according to PtCy regimen, at a dose of 50 mg/kg at days +3 and +4. RESULTSCumulative frequency of acute GVHD comprised 32%. Patients treated with PtCy exhibited lower rates of this condition compared to the group with standard prophylaxis schedule (26% vs 47%, р=0.05). Frequency of skin aGVHD was also less common in the PtCy group (23% vs 45%, р=0.046); gastrointestinal aGVHD was observed at equal rates in the both groups. Stem cell engraftment after nonmyeloablative conditioning in HSCT patients with subsequent PtCy administration proved to be sufficiently weaker compared to other patients (86 vs 50%, р=0.004). In conclusion, posttransplant GVHD prevention based on cyclophosphamide prophylaxis is an efficient method which may decrease aGVHD risk. However, one should take into account a higher non-engraftment rate as a potential hazard of HSCT when using non-myeloablative conditioning regimens and PtCy-based GVHD prophylaxis.

The study assessed the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in 34 patients with cytogenetically verified variants of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with trisomy 8 and/or monosomy 7, who were treated at the RM Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation from 2013 to 2020. Both adult and pediatric MDS were analyzed without excluding the variants with two additional chromosomal abnormalities or complex karyotype. The study revealed that а) allo-HSCT should be performed in the treatment of both MDS variants; b) the outcomes of trisomy 8 treatment appeared to be better; c) children with monosomy 7 showed a higher rate of toxic complications in allo-HSCT.

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24 th Congress of European Hematology Association was held from 13 th to 16 th July in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Over 12000 specialists took part in the meeting and more than 360 oral and 1300 poster presentations were made, covering most of hematology fields. The main purpose of this article was to review the most important and relevant topics discussed during congress in such areas as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, lymphomas, acute leukemia, multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders, myeloproliferative neoplasms and infectious complications in hematological patients. In this review, we briefly describe results of works which, in view of the authors, are of most clinical and scientific significance for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, the emerging topics and trends in different fields of hematology were discussed. Other interesting studies and presentations can be accessed through the EHA online-library.