A second copy of the questionnaire was sent three weeks after the original mailing. 8 Of this number, 44 were professors, 45 associate professors, 13 readers, 104 senior lecturers, 127 lecturers and 33 assistant lecturers. Of these, 177 were humanities based and 189 were science based. Six respondents did not disclose their level of appointment or their discipline. 9 With 372 respondents the 95 per cent confidence interval for the percentages given is within +/-5 per cent. 10
Whereas biological materials were once transferred freely, there has been a marked shift in the formalisation of exchanges involving these materials, primarily through the use of Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs). This paper considers how risk aversion dominates MTA negotiations and the impact it may have on scientific progress. Risk aversion is often based on unwarranted fears of incurring liability through the use of a material or loss of control or missing out on commercialisation opportunities. Evidence to date has suggested that complexity tends to permeate even straightforward transactions despite extensive efforts to implement simple, standard MTAs. We argue that in most cases, MTAs need do little more than establish provenance, and any attempt to extend MTAs beyond this simple function constitutes stifling behaviour. Drawing on available examples of favourable practice, we point to a number of strategies that may usefully be employed to reduce risk-averse tendencies, including the promotion of simplicity, education of those engaged in the MTA process, and achieving a cultural shift in the way in which technology transfer office (TTO) success is measured in institutions employing MTAs.
PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the evolution of a new e‐research paradigm and to outline key projects and developments in Europe, North America, Canada and Australia. The article also provides a detailed summary of the Dataset Acquisition, Accessibility and Annotation e‐Research Technology (DART) project.Design/methodology/approachA review of relevant government reports, documents and general literature was conducted.FindingsProjects currently being conducted in Europe, the USA, Canada and Australia are part of an international movement that aims to use modern ICTs to enhance e‐research. The DART project is a significant part of this movement as it has adopted a “whole process” approach to e‐research, and provides a platform for the examination of the technical, legal and policy issues that arise in the new e‐research environment.Originality/valueProvides an overview of current projects that concern the development of e‐research, with a particular focus on Australian research and the DART project.
Intellectual property law in Australia has changed dramatically in the last decade and continues to change. Developments in technology, the rise of the internet, the globalisation of trade and the increasing importance of 'superbrands' – trade marks with global appeal – have all affected the laws surrounding intellectual property. Furthermore, globalisation has resulted in greater pressure on intellectual property owners to expand their rights as they endeavour to capture the potential benefits of ownership in an increasingly affluent and integrated world economy. Australian Intellectual Property Law, 2nd edition has been fully revised to take into account these significant case and legislative developments in trademarks, copyright and patents law. This book offers students and legal professionals a detailed discussion of the black-letter aspects of the law, with a primary emphasis on legal principles and complexities.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.