Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, and to investigate the effectiveness of continuous catheter drainage in comparison to needle aspiration in the treatment of liver abscesses. Methods: This is a comparative study of 121 patients, presented in outpatient and emergency department at the hospital, randomized double blind trial was done and divide into two groups (percutaneous needle aspiration and pigtail catheter drainage.) about which surgeon did not knew about the division it was marked by evaluator. The effectiveness of either treatment was measured in terms of duration of hospital stay, days to achieve clinical improvement, reduction in abscess cavity size and total/near total resolution of abscess cavity. Results: The success rate was significantly better in catheter drainage group. The patients in pigtail catheter drainage group showed earlier clinical improvement and decrease in abscess cavity volume as compared to those who underwent percutaneous needle aspiration. Conclusions: Percutaneous catheter drainage is a better modality as compared to percutaneous needle aspiration especially in larger abscesses which are partially liquefied or with thick pus.

Background: Cholelithiasis is a chronic recurrent disease of the hepatobiliary system. The impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bile acids and bilirubin are characterized by gallstone formation. The prevalence of cholelithasis varies and has been reported as 2-29% in India, and increased in the recent years. In the present study, apart from studying the epidemiology i.e., demographic factors, dietary habits, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and management, it also looks at the stone analysis, bile culture and complications after surgery in rural population in central India. To study the modes of presentation of gallstones, various treatment modalities, their outcome and complications and chemical analysis of gallstones in relation to the type of diet. Methods: Department of Surgery at NPK Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, from September 2010 to October 2012 on 104 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria selected for the study. Clinical symptoms were noted according to clinical history of the patients. The ultrasonography scanning of the abdomen performed, open/laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.56 years with a male-female ratio of 0.52:1. Mixed type of diet, and multiple gallbladder calculi of mixed type was observed. Wound infection was the commonest complication in open cholecystectomy group, and the mean hospital stay was significantly more in this group.

IntroductionRapid advancements are being made in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support digital healthcare transformation and provide evidence-based care. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge of basic principles, limitations, and applications of AI in healthcare among medical students and doctors of a developing country. MethodsTwo free webinars were hosted for doctors and medical students in northern India (Punjab state) to create awareness about the role of AI in healthcare and the recent advancements made in various medical specialties. The delegates' perceptions about their knowledge and interest in AI were ascertained using the Likert scale (1 = low, 5 = high) in the post-event questionnaire. Using Chi-square and cross-tabulation analysis, associations were examined between knowledge of AI, gender, medical experience, and other variables. ResultsOut of the total of 621 registrants, 367 filled the post-event questionnaire and were included in the analysis. Although the majority felt that AI will play an important role in delivering healthcare services in the future (74.4%), they did not feel knowledgeable about the applications (79.6%) and limitations of AI (82.8%). A relatively lesser proportion of doctors (51.6%) felt interested to learn more about AI than medical students (69.3%). Furthermore, a lesser proportion of doctors (65.2%) felt that AI will be beneficial for their career as a doctor as compared with medical students (84.4%). The majority of medical students (83.5%) had never attended any webinar/lecture or course on AI in healthcare and felt that they have received minimal advice (80.7%) from their medical school on teaching about AI and its applications. A significantly (P = 0.001) higher proportion of female medical students were unknowledgeable about the principles and applications of AI than male respondents. However, female medical students were significantly (P = 0.004) more interested than male medical students to learn about AI. ConclusionsFormal training courses to teach about AI should be focused on to facilitate coherent and scientifically supported dissemination of knowledge in medical schools and hospitals. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand the perception and attitude of medical students and doctors regarding AI to steer policy development and medical education curriculum changes to spark an interest in emerging technologies and drive innovation.

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1.INTRODUCTIONIn the present era of technology, computational power [1] plays an important role. The multicore microprocessor devices [2] are already available in CISC architecture which used to perform non real time computing. Recently there has been a huge demand of high computing speed in time critical system, mostly in real time embedded device. Technology is growing exponentially every day with the demand of more power and processing handling capabilities. The basic need of a multicore system is the distributed and parallel computing [3]. Time consumption is the drawback of single core processors, so multicore [4] technology is used to achieve efficiency through parallel processing. Parallel processing [5] is the simultaneous use of more than one CPU to execute a program or multiple computational threads. The main goal of parallel processing is a high performance [6] computing, which speedup the execution time of the program. Parallel [7] processing makes programs run faster because there are more engines (CPUs or cores) workingon it. It increases the efficiency, safe execution time, take less energy and retain the time. Multicore has two or more CPUs while the single core has only one core inside it as illustrated in figure1. To enhance the performance [8] of single core processor, it is mandatory to increase the frequency as CPU load increases. It causes heat losses and leakage current so rather than increase the clock frequency of single core, manufacture switched to multicore to avoid the power [9] consumption problem and to increase speed and efficiency.

Purpose – In order to improve the supply chain performance, organizations need to improve the efficiency of vendors. Although many techniques are used for vendor efficiency measurement, there is a lack of research about defining satisficing level to analyze improvement potential of vendors. The purpose of this paper is to incorporate satisficing level of some outputs to determine efficiency improvement potential of existing vendors. Design/methodology/approach – Method used in this paper is an extension of Data Envelopment Analysis, which has been used frequently for efficiency measurement of Decision Making Units. This method is known as Efficiency Analysis Technique with Output Satisficing (EATWOS), which has been mainly used in the field of economics for efficiency measurement. Findings – A case illustration of a National Capital Region of Delhi, India, based manufacturer and distributor of packaged drinking water is depicted to portray the practical application of EATWOS in vendor efficiency evaluation and their relative ranking. This method has helped in evaluating the improvement potential in performance of given vendors and helping in strategic decision making for the given organization Research limitations/implications – In case of more variables, this method becomes more complex to get the solution. Second, sometimes difference in vendors ranking without and with satisficing concept is very less, as in this case. Therefore, recording and analysis of output data of vendors should be done very carefully. Practical implications – Major implications of this study is that while selecting vendors, organizations should also try to understand improvement potential for given vendors by applying satisficing concept as given in this research. This approach helps in analyzing improvement potentials of suppliers. Originality/value – This paper explores an innovative approach to rank vendors on basis of certain criteria after considering the satisficing concept and improvement potentials of vendors.

Background and Aims: Diabetes Mellitus may affect the patient’s quality of life and sleep that lead to reduced satisfaction of life. Aim of study was to improve quality of life and sleep along with satisfaction of life by giving physical therapy (pilates based on mat exercise) intervention. Material and Methods: Study design: experimental study, same subject design (pre-post). Sample size: 30 individuals (13 males,17 females) with mean age 46.05±9.01, mean weight 70.48±12.11 and mean duration of diabetes mellitus 7.88±4.49. Intervention: Pilates based mat exercises were given in experimental group. Duration of treatment:30-40minutes.Number of session:5 sessions/week. Total duration: 4 weeks. Outcomes measures: Final Qolid Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Statistics: descriptive statistics used to measure mean± standard deviation and inferential statistics related t-test used to compare pre and post reading. Results: The results showed highly significant effect of exercise on quality of life and quality of sleep and significant result was found on satisfaction with life. Conclusion: Pilates based mat exercises shows positive effect on all parameters (quality of life, quality of sleep and satisfaction with life) of patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus.

SummaryA case of salmonella meningitis with accompanying septicaemia and pericarditis is reported in an adult following an episode of enteritis.