BackgroundAccurate estimation of vitamin D status is important for health research and can impact prevention and treatment of deficiency in women of reproductive age. We aimed to assess if blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] change across the menstrual cycle.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, CAB and BIOSIS of literature published until December 2018 which reported concentrations of vitamin D metabolites at two or more identified points among women with regular menstrual cycles.ResultsTen longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria; nine studies measured 1,25(OH)2D and five studies measured 25(OH)D. Study size ranged from 5 to 47 subjects, with an age range of 18–47 years. One study found a decrease in concentration of 25(OH)D in the periovulatory and luteal phase. Four studies found no changes in concentrations of 25(OH)D. Two studies found a rise in 1,25(OH)2D within the follicular phase, including a 128% increase from day 1 to 15 and a 56% increase from day 0 to 12. Two studies found rises in 1,25(OH)2D concentrations from the follicular to luteal phase of 13 and 26%. Five studies did not find any changes in concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D.ConclusionsNo conclusion can be drawn on the pattern of 1,25(OH)2D concentrations across the normal menstrual cycle due to inconsistencies in study findings. Evidence is currently insufficient to assess 25(OH)D concentrations across the cycle. Future studies should aim to measure 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D longitudinally, to understand relationships with other hormones and the potential impact on estimates of vitamin D deficiency.
Objective:
To examine the dose-dependent effect of maternal vitamin D during pregnancy on blood pressure from mid-to-late gestation within the context of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in Bangladesh (
n
= 1298).
Methods:
Healthy women without hypertension were enrolled at 17–24 weeks gestation and randomized to one of four vitamin D doses during pregnancy: placebo, 4200, 16 800 or 28 000 IU/week. This substudy examined 1257 women with blood pressure measured at enrollment with at least one other timepoint (measurements included at 24 weeks, 30 weeks, and weekly from 36 weeks until delivery). Effects of vitamin D on SBP or DBP were analyzed using mixed-effects models.
Results:
Vitamin D did not have an effect on SBP or DBP at 24 or 30 weeks; blood pressure was higher at 36 weeks for the highest dose versus placebo [mean difference (95% CI) mmHg: SBP = 2.3 (0.9–3.7); DBP = 1.9 (0.7–3.0)]. The differences in changes in SBP and DBP between vitamin D groups and placebo across intervals were small (
P
> 0.10), but the difference for 28 000 IU/week versus placebo was the highest from 30 to 36 weeks [SBP 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.5) and DBP 0.2 (−0.0 to 0.4) mmHg].
Conclusion:
Vitamin D supplementation starting mid-pregnancy did not affect SBP or DBP until late gestation, and then only at the highest dose. These results do not support the clinical use of vitamin D in pregnancy to lower maternal blood pressure.
Evaluation of polyarthritis in 110 patients in civilian and armed force life revealed 89 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the Indian population, RA seems milder and confined to the joints. A substantial number of male patients appeared to share features with spondylarthritis, often in HLA-B27 positive individuals.
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