No abstract

A patient has the exclusive rights to determine what he wants or do not want to be done to his body. In this context, consent becomes a crucial factor that must be present before a doctor is allowed to treat his patient. Under the common law, an adult patient has the legal rights to determine the treatment that he wish to undergo and will subsequently consent to. This must be done when that patient still has the capacity to give consent and it must be given voluntarily without interference by any person. This relates to the rights of an individual patient to make decision autonomously whether to give consent or to refuse to give consent. In view of this legal position, the issue that will be the focus of discussion in this article is whether a patient who has the right to give consent also has the same right to refuse treament in Malaysia. Therefore it is the aim of this article to examine the law relating to consent to medical treatment by an adult patient in Malaysia together with the right of refusal.It is found that in order to

While courts depend on expert opinions in reaching sound judgments, the role of the expert witness in legal proceedings

Patient's autonomy to make his own decision is an ethical principle that has been interpreted into the legal concept of consent. Consent to medical treatment is a very fundamental aspect in medical law as it can be regarded as an acknowledgment that a patient has the right to make his own decision on what he wants to be done to his body. In the area of consent, capacity of the patient to make decision plays an important role. Capacity from the context of a patient's age is one of the factors that needs to be considered in deciding whether that particular patient has capacity to give consent or not. In this paper the focus will be on whether children governed by the Malaysian Child Act 2001 have the right to give consent to their medical treatment. In discussing this issue, the writers will look into the general legal position of children to give consent in Malaysia before going into the specific legal provisions pertaining to consent to medical treatment for children governed by the jurisdiction of the Child Act

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Muslim countries were occupied by Western powers that came across the local

The involvement of secondary school students in Malaysia in

No abstract

Community service orders are a proposed alternative form of punishment for children who have been or are in conflict with the law. Despite an absence of clear laws in Malaysia pertaining to this order regarding its application to child offenders, it is nonetheless viewed as a more suitable form of punishment in protecting a child offender's best interest compared to a fine or a sentence of imprisonment. In light of the above, the objective of this article is to analyse two main legal issues relating to the future implementation of community service orders as an alternative form of sentence, such as the number of credit hours per sentence and the types of community service activities to be implemented. The research has shown that there is no uniformity in determining the minimum and maximum amount of credit hours in implementing community service orders against child offenders where some countries may have the maximum of 80 to 150 hours and 8 to 10 hours for the minimum. The research also found that community service orders have greatly benefited both the society and child offenders; the child offenders will be integrated back to the society and might as well undergo their rehabilitation process. This research may be significant in preparing guidelines or a complete implementation model for community service orders applicable to child offenders in Malaysia, as well as a reference for the Officers in the Community Service Department and Magistrates in the Child Courts in Malaysia.