In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Muslim countries were occupied by Western powers that came across the local
This paper aims at analysing the necessity and inevitability of Islamic governance based on Shariah enforcement for the prosperity and wellbeing of mankind. So, the concept of Shariah enforcement, its essential principles, and the current situations of the people regarding the application of Shariah are addressed based on the perspectives of Sayyid Abu ‘Alᾱ Mawdūdī. The major objective of the paper is to demonstrate the value of Islamic law and its capability to solve human problems. It also aims to illustrate the essence of Shariah enforcement and its significance in providing for human needs. Since the paper is theoretical in nature, it is purely based on library research by adopting the qualitative method. The inductive approach is used to explore al-Mawdūdī’s arguments and discourse about the topic, meanwhile, the analytical approach is employed for the explanation of the arguments. The study reveals that the concept of Shariah enforcement is beyond the narrow perception that limits it to the mere enactment and enforcement of the Islamic penal code, but it also entails the total adherence to the rules of Allah in the entire political, social, and economic systems.
Secularism is the most serious challenge of modernity posed by the West. Its main ideology is to liberate man from the religious and metaphysical values and expel religion from the practical aspect of man's life. It clearly presents its materialistic viewpoint, which is cut off from Divine, transcendent or supernatural principles and does not refer to revelation at all and is intact isolated from it. In terms of its intensity and scope as well as its discernable effects upon people's minds, the repercussion of secularism is both pervasive and universal. It has had a great impact on every facet of life, including individual and family lives as well as in the educational, political, economic and social-cultural realms. Most importantly, secularism affects the very tenets of traditional religious beliefs and practices. This paper tries to discuss the dangers of secularism and its principles, which are contradictory to the religious worldview, particularly, the Islamic worldview. AbstrakSekularisme ialah satu cabaran moden yang serius yang diketengahkan oleh Barat. Ideologi utamanya ialah utntuk membebaskan manusia daripada nilai-nilai keugamaan dan metafizikal seterusnya menyisihkan ugama daripada aspek kehidupan manusia. Ia secara terang-terangan mengutarakan sudut pandangannya yang tiada hubung kait dengan konsep-konsep ketuhanan, samawi ataupun bukan tabii dan terpisah adaripada konsep wahyu dan kerasulan. Dari segi bidang dan skop pengaruhnya iaitu kesan-kesannya yang boleh difahami terhadap pemikiran manusia, sememangnya ia adalah amat mendalam dan universal sifatnya. Ia amat mempengaruhi aspek kehidupan harian termasuklah aspek individu dan kekeluargaan seterusnya aspek-aspek lain seperti pendidikan, politik, ekonomi dan sosio-budaya. Lebihlebih lagi sekularisme turut mempengaruhi landasan-landasan kepercayaan keugamaan tradisional dan amalannya. Kertas ini cuba memberikan tumpuan kepada bahaya sekularisme dan prinsip-prinsipnya yang bercanggahan dengan pandangan sarwa keugamaan terutamanya Islam.
Conservative Judaism is the mediating group between Orthodox and Reform Judaism. It claimed to uphold basic traditions, at the same time adjusting to modern life in its effort for reconstruction of religious thought. It also contended that it is necessary to redefine and reinterpret the main concepts of faith in accordance to modern science and knowledge. This paper attempts at highlighting the position of Conservative Judaism on selected issues for reconstruction of religious thought, namely, the interpretation of law, the application of law, and the position of women. The paper concluded that although Conservative Judaism appeared as a mediating group between traditionalists and secularists, it disregarded their scriptures and relied more on human interpretations. They regarded modern knowledge and rational explanations as primary references rather than the scriptures.
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