The objects of research are Beluga (Huso huso, Linnaeus), sturgeon spike (Acipenser nudiventris, Lovetsky) and their interspecific hybrids of artificial generation grown on the Research and Experimental Base BIOS (the Astrakhan region) by using the basin method. To assess the physiological status of fish, a set of morphophysiological indicators (absolute and relative weight of gills, heart, liver, and gonads) were used. The dynamics of the indices of the corresponding viscera of Beluga and sturgeon spike and their interspecific hybrids in the second year of cultivation was studied. The necessity for the research is explained by the fact that most work performed was carried out on land vertebrates and on fish of natural generation. There have been presented the average values of morphophysiological indices for each of the four groups of unmixed sturgeon species and their hybrids. The obtained values of the studied parameters of sturgeon species can be used for further monitoring of the fish growing conditions using the basin method.
The paper outlines the study of the physiological and biochemical parameters of golden mullet (Liza aurata, Risso) in the Caspian Sea. Collecting material was carried out in the western part of the Northern and Middle Caspian in September-October 2019. The female and male species were analyzed. The histomorphological investigation of the gonads of females and males indicated the completion of spawning. The morphological picture of the gonads of golden mullet of both sexes corresponded to the maturity scale of this species as applied to the Caspian region. In the blood there was determined the concentration of hemoglobin, total serum protein, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and inorganic phosphorus. A valid positive correlation dependence (p < 0.05) of weight and length of females (r = 0.9340) and males (r = 0.9320) was stated. In females high correlations were recorded between the levels of total serum protein and cholesterol (r = 0.9071), total serum protein and hemoglobin (r = 0.9706), glucose and hemoglobin (r = 0.8897) with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. The revealed statistical dependencies of physiological and biochemical parameters of fish blood indicated their important role in the body in optimizing the total energy costs after spawning. According to the study of males, there has been found a high (r = 0.9195) significant (p < 0.05) correlation relationship between the content of hemoglobin and cholesterol in the blood. The content of total lipids in muscles, gonads and liver of females and males of golden mullet were comparable. The levels of water-soluble protein in the muscles, liver, and gonads of fish of both sexes did not differ significantly. The obtained research results on the complex of physiological and biochemical parameters of golden mullet will significantly increase the volume of reliable information about the physiological status of the organism of the studied species of mullet in the modern ecological conditions of the Caspian Sea.
The article focuses on the special trend in technology of fish reproduction - use of a recirculated aquaculture system that allows creating optimum hydrological and hydrochemical parameters for a certain fish species regardless of the environmental conditions. Nevertheless, in the course of developing the new modifying factors of the environment (simulated conditions) the common orientation of a metabolism or separate biochemical reactions, in particular, generative exchange can be broken. It has been stated that dynamics of biochemical indexes of blood and urine characterizes intensity and orientation of generative exchange and allows to estimate possibility of structural transformations of fish ovaries. The analysis of the influence of a synthetic analog of hormone luliberin - surfagon on hybrid females of Russian × Lena sturgeon ( Acipenser guldenstadtii Brandt, 1833 × Аcipenser baerii Brandt , 1869) characterized by low fatness has revealed the stimulation of metabolic processes. During the research a low level of protein (16.0-28.0 g/l) under the influence of surfagon has increased by 35.0-38.0%. At the same time, throughout all experiment a high level of beta lipoproteins was observed in fishes of both pilot and control groups. Under the preparation impact the level of beta lipoproteins increased by 58.0% and 61.0% after injecting 0.2 mkg/kg and 2.0 mkg/kg of surfagon, respectively. The similar tendency was observed in the course of study of the hormones predecessor - cholesterol. Under the influence of surfagon in various doses there has been registered its increase from 1.3 g/l to 2.2-2.3 g/l. Thus, the surfagon injected groups of fish demonstrated a particular type of the biochemical status and reacted to hormonal stimulation under the low level of financial and energy resources. At the same time, histologic research hasn’t revealed cardinal changes in gonad morphology.
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