The estimation of the daily average global solar radiation is important since it increases the cost efficiency of solar power plant, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims at developing a multi layer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate the solar radiation in the city of Surabaya. To guide the study, seven (7) available meteorological parameters and the number of the month was applied as the input of network. The ANN was trained using five-years data of 2011-2015. Furthermore, the model was validated by calculating the mean average percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation for the years of 2016-2019. The results confirm that the aforementioned model is feasible to generate the estimation of daily average global solar radiation in Surabaya, indicated by MAPE of less than 15% for all testing years.
Abstrak-Turbin angin merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi sumber energi fosil yang jumlahnya semakin terbatas. Salah satu generator yang digunakan untuk turbin angin adalah Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Arus AC yang disuplai berasal dari belitan stator yang terhubung langsung dengan jaringan dan belitan rotor yang juga terhubung dengan jaringan melalui power electronic converter dengan jenis back-to-back converter. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan simulasi pembangkit listrik tenaga angin menggunakan DFIG yang dihubungkan ke jaringan melalui back-to-back converter. Konverter ini dioperasikan dengan tujuan mengontrol kecepatan rotor DFIG agar menghasilkan daya maksimum dan menjaga nilai tegangan kapasitor DC tetap konstan. Sistem dilengkapi dengan metode Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) untuk menghasilkan daya maksimum pada kecepatan angin yang berbeda-beda. Hasil simulasi untuk pengujian akurasi rangkaian kontrol menunjukkan nilai akurasi yang tinggi dibuktikan dengan nilai error dibawah 1% untuk semua kondisi kecepatan angin. Kata Kunci : Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Back-to-back Converter, dan energi terbarukan.Abstract-Wind turbine is one of the solutions to overcome the decreasing amount of fossil fuel. One type of generator which can be used on wind turbine application is Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The AC current is supplied from both stator winding which connected directly to the grid and rotor winding which connected to the grid through back-to-back power electronic converter. This paper provides simulation of wind turbine using DFIG connected to the grid through back-to-back converter. The back-toback converter is operated in order to control the rotor speed of DFIG, so that the DFIG can generate maximum power and maintain constant voltage on DC link capacitor. The system is equipped with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method to generate maximum power on various wind speed condition. The simulation results show that the control system has high accuracy, proven with error value under 1% on various wind speed condition.
Abstrak-Turbin angin merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi sumber energi fosil yang jumlahnya semakin terbatas. Salah satu generator yang digunakan untuk turbin angin adalah Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Arus AC yang disuplai berasal dari belitan stator yang terhubung langsung dengan jaringan dan belitan rotor yang juga terhubung dengan jaringan melalui power electronic converter dengan jenis back-to-back converter. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan simulasi pembangkit listrik tenaga angin menggunakan DFIG yang dihubungkan ke jaringan melalui back-to-back converter. Konverter ini dioperasikan dengan tujuan mengontrol kecepatan rotor DFIG agar menghasilkan daya maksimum dan menjaga nilai tegangan kapasitor DC tetap konstan. Sistem dilengkapi dengan metode Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) untuk menghasilkan daya maksimum pada kecepatan angin yang berbeda-beda. Hasil simulasi untuk pengujian akurasi rangkaian kontrol menunjukkan nilai akurasi yang tinggi dibuktikan dengan nilai error dibawah 1% untuk semua kondisi kecepatan angin. Kata Kunci : Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Back-to-back Converter, dan energi terbarukan.Abstract-Wind turbine is one of the solutions to overcome the decreasing amount of fossil fuel. One type of generator which can be used on wind turbine application is Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The AC current is supplied from both stator winding which connected directly to the grid and rotor winding which connected to the grid through back-to-back power electronic converter. This paper provides simulation of wind turbine using DFIG connected to the grid through back-to-back converter. The back-toback converter is operated in order to control the rotor speed of DFIG, so that the DFIG can generate maximum power and maintain constant voltage on DC link capacitor. The system is equipped with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method to generate maximum power on various wind speed condition. The simulation results show that the control system has high accuracy, proven with error value under 1% on various wind speed condition.
As a legal tender, banknotes have several drawbacks in terms of their use. for people with visual impairments they have, it is very likely that they will be confused, misplaced, and even some ignorant people take advantage of their weaknesses in using the money. Based on this problem, in this paper we propose to make a banknote detector with sound output. The method used for the nominal identification process is the color based filtering algorithm using the Pixy2 CMUcam5 camera and Arduino as the data processor. Tests were carried out on 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000 and 50000 banknotes. From the test results, it was found that the success rate was 90% with the optimal distance for the camera scan process being 7 to 10 cm in an average time of about 5.7 seconds.
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