Glutathione S transferases (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) are enzymes that activate the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous agents. The genetic polymorphism in these genes may change the response of individuals to environmental toxicants. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 have been studied extensively in the determination of individual cancer risks. Some studies showed a strong relationship between polymorphism of GSTs and superoxidedismutase enzymes. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1 and MnSOD (Manganese Superoxide Dismurase) was investigated in 104 cases and controls to seek any association with the risk of bladder cancer. The frequency of GSTT1 +/+ polymorphism was 65% (33/51) in the cases and 79% (42/53) in the controls. The frequency of the GSTM1 +/+ polymorphism was 33% (17/51) in the cases and 58% (31/53) in the controls. The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype was 42% (22/53) in the controls and 68% (34/51) in the patients. The frequency of the SOD AA genotype was 36% (17/51) in the cases and 33% (19/53) in the controls. There was no association between the GSTT1 and SOD polymorphism and bladder cancer incidence. The incidence of the GSTM1 null genotype was increased in bladder cancer patients compared to controls (OR = 1.755, 95% CI = 1.119-2.751).

The development of diabetic complications has usually been attributed to the nonenzymic glycation of tissue proteins. Only recently, however, have researchers examined the possible role on free radicals in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In the present study, glutathione (GSH) and major antioxidant enzyme levels in plasma of patients with type II diabetes mellitus were assessed both before and after 3 months of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) therapy. Thirty-two diabetic patients were examined as well as fifteen healthy controls. Before treatment with NAC, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and (GSH) levels of diabetic patients and control subjects showed no significant differences, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were higher in type II diabetic patients. Following 3 months of Following NAC supplementation, GSH, GST, and CAT levels were found to be similar to the levels before treatment. On the other hand, GPx activity was significantly lower compared with the values before treatment. According to this finding, NAC treatment could have a positive effect on GPx values in type II diabetic patients showing abnormally high values.

The anti-epileptic drug vigabatrin was developed as an inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, and its ability to increase inhibition in the central nervous system led to its testing in an animal model. In animal models chronic use of vigabatrin is associated with irreversible myelin vacuolation. Antioxidant drugs change the antioxidant capacity of the body. Oxidative stress of the body increased when valproic acid and carbamazepine were used chronically. To assess whether vigabatrin may affect protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were studied in the livers of 57 rat fetuses after administration of vigabatrin to the mothers (19 in the first week of pregnancy, 20 in the second week, and 18 in the third week) and in 19 control rat fetuses without vigabatrin. We compared the results of administration of vigabatrin in each group with the controls. Rat fetus protein oxidation in group I (0.686 nmol/mg protein) and group II (0.723 nmol/mg protein) was higher than in the control group (0.388 nmol/mg protein). Lipid peroxidation (0.209, 0.224, 0.253 nmol/mg protein, respectively) and GPx levels (345.4, 329.0, 283.2 nmol/mg protein, respectively) of groups I, II, and III were higher than in the control group (0.104, 167.2 nmol/mg protein, respectively). GST in group II (79.2 nmol/mg protein) and group III (77.8 nmol/mg protein) were not different from that in the control group (78 nmol/mg protein). It was found that vigabatrin affected all the parameters that were studied, especially in group I, which was given the drug in the first week of pregnancy.

Objective:Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme that regulates the metabolism of methionine and folate.Materials and methods:This case-control study was conducted in Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty. We studied 50 ovarian cancer patients and 54 healthy controls. TheResults:We found no correlation between theConclusion:Our findings suggest that

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