The goal of this piece is to survey the developing and rapidly growing literature on the economic consequences of COVID‐19 and the governmental responses, and to synthetize the insights emerging from a very large number of studies. This survey: (i) provides an overview of the data sets and the techniques employed to measure social distancing and COVID‐19 cases and deaths; (ii) reviews the literature on the determinants of compliance with and the effectiveness of social distancing; (iii) mentions the macroeconomic and financial impacts including the modelling of plausible mechanisms; (iv) summarizes the literature on the socioeconomic consequences of COVID‐19, focusing on those aspects related to labor, health, gender, discrimination, and the environment; and (v) summarizes the literature on public policy responses.

The goal of this piece is to survey the developing and rapidly growing literature on the economic consequences of COVID-19 and the governmental responses, and to synthetize the insights emerging from a very large number of studies. This survey: (i) provides an overview of the data sets and the techniques employed to measure social distancing and COVID-19 cases and deaths; (ii) reviews the literature on the determinants of compliance with and the effectiveness of social distancing; (iii) the macroeconomic and financial impacts, including the modelling of plausible mechanisms; (iv) summarizes the literature on the socio-economic consequences of focusing on those aspects related to labor, health, gender, discrimination, and the environment, and v) summarizes the literature on public policy responses.

Communication is an essential part of all activities of organizations. However, it is affected by technology. Today, email and social media are popular methods of communication in organizations. Each of the listed methods has advantages and disadvantages which will be discussed in this letter which tries to drive the attention of organizations to the need for a standard and balanced approach toward communication.

No abstract

Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method of Multi-Criteria Decision Making has been being used very widely in many management studies (like Operation Management) to identify causal relationships among factors and draw attention to valuable insight for decision making. The scope of this system has reached the manufacturing industry, social activities, farming, financial system, environmental science, energy, and other areas, and has solved numerous practical problems. However, the author has found that the results are misleading as and when it is applied with global (or overall) consideration or even elements/category of unequal weights. To show the serious differences in the results misguiding decision-makers, an example has been demonstrated in this study. Result of the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory from global calculation can be corrected if the calculation and analysis are done based on distinct elements (cluster wise). Grading success or failure factors as per distinct elements of a system and integrating them as per criticality found at the element level, is an added methodology to the existing knowledge of using Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory. With another example from the previous study, the new approach is justified as well. This new approach will help to find critical factors in a truly holistic way and implement any principles, policies, or system more confidently.