A literature review of the economics of COVID‐19

Abstract

The goal of this piece is to survey the developing and rapidly growing literature on the economic consequences of COVID‐19 and the governmental responses, and to synthetize the insights emerging from a very large number of studies. This survey: (i) provides an overview of the data sets and the techniques employed to measure social distancing and COVID‐19 cases and deaths; (ii) reviews the literature on the determinants of compliance with and the effectiveness of social distancing; (iii) mentions the macroeconomic and financial impacts including the modelling of plausible mechanisms; (iv) summarizes the literature on the socioeconomic consequences of COVID‐19, focusing on those aspects related to labor, health, gender, discrimination, and the environment; and (v) summarizes the literature on public policy responses.

Sustainable Construction Investment, Real Estate Development, and COVID-19: A Review of Literature in the Field

“…Real estate and mortgage markets have been defined by Brodeur et al [112] as a complex net of interconnected participants such as investors, developers, households, banks, and many others. The market is also characterized by links to financial markets and the overall macroeconomy.…”

Role of Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen Detection for Safe End of Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients with Long Persistence of Viral RNA in Respiratory Samples

“…However, as previously mentioned, a problem with RT-PCRbased testing is the risk of long-term positivity in recovered patients without viable virus. Prolonged isolation of these patients has a great importance in terms of social, phycological, and economic consequences [18][19][20][21]. Moreover, these patients, despite being non-contagious, cannot access COVID-free healthcare facilities, and are at risk of re-infection, especially when new virus variants emerge, if admitted to COVID hospital wards.…”

“…To date, the correlation between RT-PCR results with viral cultures and contagiousness remains scarcely investigated [9]. The use of molecular detection of viral RNA implies the risk for many patients to remain hospitalized or isolated for a much longer time than necessary, with important implications for patient management, and also psychological, social, and economic consequences [18][19][20][21]. Therefore, availability of an accurate, rapid, and simple laboratory tool to certify the end of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients would have a great impact.…”

Navigating from SARS-CoV-2 elimination to endemicity in Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, and Singapore

“…36 However, a daily quota of Hong Kong residents and other travellers are permitted to return from mainland China under its Return2hk and Come2hk schemes. 37,38 Lessons from these four locations, consistent with a growing body of medical literature, 39,40 suggest that the social and economic stressors on populations as a result of elimination strategies that were feasible during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic might not be sustainable in the future. Although elimination strategies averted a high COVID-19 death toll, especially among those with risk factors for serious illness after SARS-CoV-2 infection, nations that were successful in implementing these strategies develop low population immunity from natural infection and must now increase vaccination coverage to avoid high mortality and other consequences associated with the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 endemicity.…”