Z inkum (Zn) merupakan zat yang esensial untuk kehidupan, telah diketahui sejak lebih dari seratus tahun yang lalu. Peran penting zat ini untuk pertumbuhan normal dan kesehatan manusia telah diteliti sejak tahun 1930-an oleh Mc Lance dan Widdowson 1 yang melakukan penelitian tentang metabolisme Zn. Pada akhir tahun 1960-an dan awal tahun 1970-an diperoleh laporan pertama tentang kegagalan pertumbuhan pada remaja di delta sungai Nil di Mesir yang dapat diperbaiki dengan pemberian suplementasi Zn.2-3 Pengertian mendalam selama 20 tahun terakhir menghasilkan pemahaman lebih baik tentang peran biokimia di dalam tubuh dan gejala klinik yang timbul akibat defisiensi Zn. 1Proses tumbuh-kembang merupakan proses yang berkesinambungan mulai dari konsepsi sampai usia 18 tahun, yang mengikuti pola tertentu yang khas untuk setiap anak. 4 Faktor gizi merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan dan memegang peran penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang anak, karena kebutuhan anak berbeda dengan orang dewasa.4,5 Anak membutuhkan Zn lebih banyak untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan secara normal, melawan infeksi, dan penyembuhan luka. Anak yang dalam proses tumbuh kembang dan anak yang mengalami kekurangan gizi mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami defisiensi.6 Di negara berkembang, defisiensi Zn banyak dijumpai pada bayi dan anak yang menyebabkan retardasi pertumbuhan, bersamaan dengan tingginya angka kejadian penyakit infeksi yang berat seperti diare, pneumonia, dan malaria.7-9 Di Indonesia, defisiensi Zn merupakan salah satu masalah gizi pada balita disamping kurang energi protein serta kekurangan zat gizi yang lain seperti vitamin A, zat besi, dan
Abstract—Invoice merupakan surat tagihan resmi dari perusahaan yang ditujukan untuk pelanggan yang berisi barang ataupun jasa, qty dan jumlah harga sesuai dengan purchase order. Kecepatan dalam pembuatan invoice pun diperlukan agar surat tagihan dapat segera diterima oleh pelanggan, namun masih banyak perusahaan yang membuat invoice secara manual. Karena pembuatan invoice masih secara manual maka invoice pun rentan terhadap kesalahan dalam pengetikan dan hilang nya data transaksi pelanggan. Dalam hal ini, tentu diperlukan adanya sebuah solusi agar pembuatan invoice ini menjadi lebih mudah, efisien untuk menghindari kesalahan-kesalahan yang tadi penulis sebutkan. Penulis membuat sistem informasi berbasis web yang dapat digunakan sebagai pembuatan invoice yang telah terkomputerisasi.
Background Measurement of blood pressure is the most impor-tant tool for early detection of hypertension. There is an assump-tion that salt consumption of the population living at the seashoreis higher than that of those living on the hill area, and it would leadto higher blood pressure.Objective To find out whether there is any difference of bloodpressure between school-age children (6-13 years) living on thehill area (Brastagi subdistrict) and those living at the seashore area(Pantai Cermin sub district), North Sumatra.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Brastagi andPantai Cermin from September to October 1995. The subjects weretaken by a simple random sampling method. The blood pressurewas measured based on recommendation of The Second TaskForce on Blood Pressure Control in Children 1987.Results The means systolic pressure in boys of 6 years of age aswell as in girls of 6,8,12 and 13 years, and the means of diastolicpressure in girls of 6,7,8,11 years were higher in Pantai Cermin(p<0.05). Blood pressure had significant positive correlations(p<0.001) with age, weight and height in both areas. Overall, hy-pertension was found in 117 (11%) out of 1065 children, 11.6%among girls and 10.6% among boys. On the hill and at seashorearea, hypertension was found in 10.2% and 11.8% of children re-spectively, which was not statistically different (p>0.05).Conclusion In children, there was no significant difference be-tween the prevalence of hypertension on hill and seashore area
Background Iron has been shown to improve growth in childrenwith iron deficiency anemia (IDA), as indicted by increases inheight and weight. Frequently, malnutrition and iron deficiencycoexist.Objective To determine the effect of iron treatment on nutritionalstatus in children with IDA.Methods A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial wasconducted at Bilah Hulu, a subdistrict of Labuhan Batu, NorthSumatera, Indonesia, between November 2006 and February2007. Iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed if there anemiawas present along with MCHC <31%, RDW index >220 andMentzer index> 13. Elementary school children (8-12 years old)with IDA were randomly assigned to either receive a daily therapyof 6 mg iron/kg/day or a placebo for three months. Nutritionalstatus was evaluated by anthropometric assessment before andafter intervention.Results From 300 subjects recruited, there were 111 (3 7 .2%)with iron deficiency anemia; 108 of them completed the therapy.After intervention, the iron and placebo groups had differentmean hemoglobin concentrations (P <0.05), but there was nosignificant difference in mean weight and height gain betweenthe two groups.Conclusion A significant increase in hemoglobin concentrationwas seen when iron was given, but did not affect weight and height increase in the subjects.
Background Obesity is defined as body weight increase due toexcessive fat accumulation. Obesity during childhood and teenageyears is related to cardiovascular risks including hyperinsulinism,hypercholesterolemia, decreased high density lipoprotein (HOI),and hypertension. The principles of managing obesity are reducingenergy intake and increasing energy use, e.g., by increasing physicalactivities, changing life habits and, most importantly by involvingfamily in the therapeutic process.Objective To evaluate the effect of dietary intervention andphysical activity on obese children.Methods Seventy-six obese primary school children wererandomly allocated to either receive intervention (diet andphysical activities) or no intervention. At the beginning of thestudy, lipid profile was measured in all subjects. Subjects in theintervention group were asked to reduce calorie intake by 200 -500 kCal per day, and participating in a walk of 20-30 minutes forfive days per week over a period of one month. After one month,the lipid profile of both groups was remeasured and compared.Results After one month, 7 3 children had successfully completedthe study and had complete data for analysis. There was asignificant change in the mean HOL level before intervention(47.3 [SO 36.2] mg/dl) compared with after intervention (100.5[SO 35.7] mg/dl, P<0.05) in the group where intervention wasimplemented.Conclusion There are no significant differences in serum lipidvalues after intervention in both groups.
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