Non-ruminants Full-length research article Effects of Curcuma longa on the intestinal health of chicks infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ABSTRACT-This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Curcuma longa on the growth performance, intestinal integrity, and antimicrobial activity of chicks colonized by Salmonella Typhimurium. The study included 672 one-day-old male chicks of the Cobb TM lineage, which were divided into eight treatment groups with 14 birds per group and six repetitions, for a total of 48 experimental units per treatment. A randomized 4×2 factorial design scheme (C. longa levels × inoculation by Salmonella Typhimurium) was used. Chicks were orally inoculated with 1.2×10 4 cfu/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium in 0.5 mL of 0.85% buffered saline solution. Curcuma was added to the feed of chicks at 0, 1, 2, and 3% for 35 days. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Optimal feed conversion was observed in chicks given feed supplemented with 1% C. longa, regardless of infection, and 1% C. longa prevented intestinal colonization by Salmonella Typhimurium. Supplementation and bacterial infection influenced the histomorphometry and pH of the intestine. Bacterial infection reduced the intestinal pH, whereas C. longa supplementation increased the pH, but only in infected chicks. Thus, supplementation with 1% C. longa favors feed conversion, inhibits intestinal colonization by Salmonella Typhimurium, and does not alter intestinal integrity. In contrast, supplementation with 3% Curcuma longa decreases feed intake, affecting the performance of 35-day-old chicks.

This study aimed to assess the histomorphometry of the intestinal portions (duodenum and jejunum) in broilers supplemented with probiotic, and histological parameters of their immune system components. Rhizomucor spp. originated from samples of the intestinal content in Cobb 500 chickens was evaluated; these fungi were submitted to performance assay and selected based on in vitro probiotic characteristics. Complete randomized design was used (3 treatments × 7 replicates; 18 birds per experimental unit). One bird at 21 and 42 days of age was sacrificed in each unit and the organs were sampled. In all samples, fixation was conducted followed in order by dehydration and diaphanization; analyses were conducted by light microscopy and histomorphometry, and search was performed for spots indicating the lesion's presence. At 21 days, the duodenum villus height was higher in the group receiving Rhizomucor spp. probiotic, and the jejunum villus height was significantly increased in both the control and Rhizomucor spp. probiotic groups. At 42 days, difference of the duodenum crypt depth was observed in the group receiving commercial probiotic. With regard to the tissue changes of the intestines, spleen, and bursa, no histological alterations were observed at 21 days in all birds (100%) receiving Rhizomucor spp. probiotic, while alteration of the bursa was observed at 42 days in two animals. Inclusion of probiotic Rhizomucor spp. in the diet of broilers promoted an increase in the height of the villi after 21 days, and any influence of the probiotic was resolved after 42 days of age.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a experiência de estudantes de cursos técnicos integrados ao ensino médio acerca do ensino remoto, estabelecido desde o início da pandemia do novo coronavírus, no ano de 2020. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado com alunos e egressos dos cursos de Técnico em Segurança do Trabalho e Técnico em Alimentos do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia – IFRO, Campus Jaru. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um formulário eletrônico com 14 questões destinado à 296 estudantes, dos quais 123 participaram voluntariamente e os dados foram analisados de forma quantitativa, com as frequências absoluta e relativa. Por meio dos resultados, observou-se que a maior parte dos alunos, mesmo classificando a qualidade do ensino remoto como “boa”, considera imprescindível a presença física do professor em seu aprendizado, preferindo o ensino presencial. Também se verificou que a maioria dos entrevistados não se considerou plenamente preparado para as provas do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) devido a dificuldades apresentadas durante o ensino à distância. Conclui-se que não só as escolas, mas toda a sociedade deve buscar meios para lidar com a crise sanitária com resiliência e a mesmo tempo prezar por uma educação de qualidade frente aos desafios e incertezas. Palavras-chave: Educação; ensino médio; tecnologias educacionais; ensino técnico; COVID-19; ensino remoto.