O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar se a sobressemeadura de gramíneas forrageiras anuais em soja contribui para a diminuição da densidade de plantas daninhas para a cultura subsequente, bem como proporciona forragem para atender a demanda de alimento animal de forma que sua cobertura do solo não interfira no rendimento da cultura subsequente de inverno. Foram utilizadas duas cultivares de trigo duplo propósito (BRS Tarumã e BRS Pastoreio), três de centeio (BRS Serrano, BRS Progresso e Temprano) e de aveia-preta (Embrapa 139 Neblina, BRS Madrugada e BRS Centauro), uma de milheto (BRS 1503) e uma de capim-sudão (BRS Estribo). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em dois municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2019 e 2020. As forrageiras foram sobressemeadas a lanço de forma manual no estádio R6 da soja, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em três repetições, durante dois anos. Foram avaliados o estande inicial das forrageiras, rendimento da cultura subsequente, a densidade de plantas daninhas antes da semeadura das forrageiras, após a dessecação das forrageiras para a semeadura do trigo e durante o afilhamento do trigo, a produção de massa seca (MS) das forrageiras na fase vegetativa, a produção total de MS durante o ciclo das forrageiras antes da dessecação para a semeadura do trigo. O estande inicial das forrageiras foi comprometido pela falta de chuva principalmente em 2020 acarretando danos à produção de MS e a persistência da palhada. Os tratamentos não interferiram na produtividade do trigo e na densidade de plantas daninhas.
The yield and grain quality of dual-purposes wheat cultivars may fluctuate due to the applied management, producing lower results than the expected. This study aimed to determine if the application of an additional dose of nitrogen, at the earing stage beginning, increases the grain yield and modifies the technological quality in double-purpose wheat, regardless of the cutting regime. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Trigo, in Coxilha-RS, Brazil, 2017. Two dual-purpose wheat cultivars (BRS Tarumã and BRS Pastoreio) and three cutting regimes (no cut, one and two cuts) were used, being submitted or not the application of additional nitrogen fertilization at the beginning of the earing. A trifatorial arrangement was employed, with a randomized block design and three replicates. Data attained were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The evaluated attributes were the height of the plant at harvest, yield, thousand grain weight, number of spikelets/ear, weight of the hectoliter, falling number, and protein in the grain. Additional application of nitrogen did not increase the yield for any studied genotypes, regardless of the cutting regimes, and as for grain quality, the differences between the materials should be taken into account.
O centeio (Secale cereale L.) é uma cultura que apresenta dupla aptidão de uso, onde além da produção dos grãos pode ser usada para cobertura do solo, pois apresenta elevada relação C/N da palhada que pode auxiliar no controle de plantas daninhas. Dessa forma, esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar através de modelos metanalíticos, se o centeio quando utilizado como cultura de cobertura diminui a incidência de plantas daninhas da área na cultura subsequente, e estimar a probabilidade de decréscimo quando comparado ao pousio. Foi realizada uma busca no banco de dados do “Google Scholar” usando os termos: “rye AND weed”, utilizando trabalhos em inglês ou em português publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2020, que seguiam os critérios de inclusão pré-estabelecidos, dessa maneira, foram incluídas 11 publicações que totalizaram 26 estudos. Os resultados demonstram que, em média, a redução da biomassa de plantas daninhas proporcionada pelo centeio pode variar de 54,6% a 79,6% quando comparado ao pousio e que densidade de semeadura alta do centeio não proporciona o maior controle de plantas daninhas.
The objective was to evaluate whether rotatinuous stocking management in dual-purpose wheat genotypes provides greater forage performance compared to the traditional rotational grazing management, which could become an alternative to ryegrass, once this new management strategy has been validated. Three dual-purpose wheat cultivars (BRS Pastoreio, BRS Tarumã and BRS Tarumaxi) and a black oat cultivar (Embrapa 139 Neblina) were used in the experiment, in traditional rotational and rotatinuous stocking. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (cultivars x management strategies), with pre and post-harvest heights in traditional rotational management (RT) of 25 and 5 cm, and 25 and 15 in the rotatinuous stocking management (RN). The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Trigo, in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Nitrogen was applied after sowing and after cuts, according to the management strategies. Dry matter yield, percentage of leaf blades and forage accumulation per cut and total were evaluated. Wheat cultivars in rotatinuous stocking management showed higher numbers of cuts, greater cycle, percentage of leaves and average rate of forage accumulation, with smaller intervals between cycles. The total forage production showed no difference between the cultivars, however, BRS Tarumaxi was higher in the rotatinuous stocking management. Thus, responses between the genotypes in relation to the management strategies adopted are different.
The search for forage cultivars that provide higher yields with quality in periods of forage shortage, whether in isolated or mixed management, is essential for livestock stability. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the forage performance and nutritive value of rye cultivars mixtures (BRS Progresso, BRS Serrano and Temprano) from different production cycles compared to the isolated management of rye, dual-purpose wheat cvs. (BRS Tarumã and BRS Pastoreio) and black oat cv. Embrapa 139 Neblina as controls. The experiment was conducted at a randomized complete block design, with four rye associations and the isolated cultivation of wheat, oat, and rye. Dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value, such as content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) content were evaluated for each cut and total values. There was difference (P<0.001) in total DM, the highest yield was in single cultivation as well as mixtures with Temprano. BRS Serrano and BRS Progresso and their mixture had lower leaf blade percentage in the total DM. There were differences (P<0.05) in NDF concentration (55.1 to 70.60%), ADF (15.2 to 34.7%), and CP (27.4 to 36.8%) levels along harvests. Among cultivars, Temprano showed the highest proportion of leaf blades and total DM yield.
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