The objective of this research was to determine the differences in autonomy in both basic activities of daily life in instrumental activities of daily life, as well as functional capacity, fragility and risk of falls between an active group and a sedentary group. The individual associations of functional capacity, fragility and risk of falls were also analyzed, with autonomy in basic activities of daily living and in instrumental activities of daily living in the active group. In this cross-sectional investigation, 139 people from Huelva between 65 and 87 years of age were evaluated (Mean (M) = 73.1; standard deviation (SD) = 5.86); 100 were women and 39 men. The active and sedentary group were composed of 69 and 70 elderly people, respectively. The active group carried out a physical activity program. Among the results, a significant effect was seen in the multivariate contrast of the study variables, V = 0.24, F (5, 137) = 8.58, and p < 0.001; while in the linear regressions in the active group, the Vivifrail with the Barthel Index (Δ Adj. R2 = 0.15) and with the Lawton and Brody Scale (Δ Adj. R2 = 0.22) were used. In conclusion, the active group presented better values in all the variables evaluated in comparison to the sedentary group, establishing statistically significant differences. In addition, in the active group, it has been found that functional capacity is a significant predictive variable of autonomy in instrumental activities of daily living (22%), while fragility and the risk of falls are significant predictors of autonomy in activities of basic daily life (15%).
El objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer el estado actual del tratamiento de la obesidad en adultos mediante estudios de intervención que apliquen la Actividad Física (AF) como uno de los pilares fundamentales. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, ISI Web of Science y Scopus descartando en la búsqueda aquellos resultados referentes a niños, mujeres embarazadas y personas mayores. De los 850 resultados iniciales, se seleccionaron 27 artículos referentes a programas de actividad física que combinaban de diferente forma el ejercicio físico y la dieta para el tratamiento de la obesidad. En conclusión, aunque diferentes programas lograban reducir la obesidad, los más eficaces fueron los que combinaron dieta y ejercicio físico, siendo más recomendables aquellos en los que se realizaba una combinación de entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza resistencia muscular. Otros aspectos como sesiones para el cambio del comportamiento y el apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías pueden ayudar a la eficacia de la intervención. Abstract. The aim of this review was to highlight the current state of obesity treatment programs that include physical activity. The search was performed in Pubmed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases, with programs applied in children, pregnant women, and older people being excluded from the final sample. Of the 850 initial results, we selected 27 articles regarding programs implementing exercise and diet for the treatment of obesity. In conclusion, though different programs may induce weight loss, the most efficacious incorporate exercise and diet, programs combining muscular endurance and resistance being the most recommended. Other aspects like behavioral change sessions and new technologies support may imply greater weight loss.
Situación actual de la formación en actividades en el medio natural según el profesorado de Educación Física. Un estudio cualitativo con expertos en Andalucía Current situation of the teacher training in outdoors activities by physical education teachers. A qualitative study with experts in AndalusiaJesús Sáez-Padilla, Inmaculada Tornero Quiñones, y Ángela Sierra RoblesDepartamento de Didácticas Integradas, Universidad de Huelva, España RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la situación actual de la formación en actividades en el medio natural según el profesorado de Educación Física. Los datos de la investigación procedieron de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a nueve docentes expertos en la formación del profesorado. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que la formación es escasa e insuficiente, tanto en la formación inicial como en la permanente. Sin embargo, se apostó por incrementar su desarrollo y mejora con fórmulas y formatos como la educación al aire libre, con sus salidas y estancias en plena naturaleza. Éstas nos permitieron abordar los diferentes contenidos curriculares de manera más activa. El pilar de esta mejora se basó en el aprendizaje experiencial que hace que el alumnado y profesorado estén mucho más implicados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La información ofrecida en este artículo puede ser de interés para establecer estrategias que favorezcan la mejora de la formación e investigación en el bloque de contenido actividades en el medio natural. Palabras clave: formación del profesorado, formación inicial y permanente, currículum, actividades en la naturaleza, Educación Física. ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to analyze the current situation of training outdoor activities as Physical Education teachers. The research data came from semi-structured interviews with nine experts training teachers. The results of this study indicated that training is limited and insufficient. However, it was decided to increase its development with formats such as outdoor education, with their stays in nature. These allow us to address the different curricula more actively. The cornerstone of this improvement is based on experiential learning that makes the students and teachers are more involved in the teaching-learning process. The information provided in this article may be of interest to develop strategies that promote improved training and research the outdoor activities. IntroducciónSi los cambios en el sistema educativo pueden ser beneficiosos para toda la sociedad, no menos importante pueden ser las actuaciones que podamos tener en relación con la formación del profesorado en general, y de los docentes de Educación Física en particular. En nuestro caso hemos profundizado en un apartado concreto de la formación del profesor de Educación Física, las actividades en el medio natural como bloque de contenido a desarrollar como docente de Secundaria. Las salidas profesionales del Graduado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte han evolucionado acorde con las demandas de la...
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of dependency on physical exercise in individual sportspeople and the relationship with body dissatisfaction and motivation. Two hundred and twenty-five triathletes, swimmers, cyclists, and athletics competitors aged 18 to 63 years old took part in the study, of which 145 were men (M = 35.57 ± 10.46 years) and 80 were women (M = 32.83 ± 10.31 years). The EDS-R (Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised) was used to study dependency on exercising, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to study body dissatisfaction, the Behaviour Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) was used to determine the participants’ motivation and the BIAQ was used to analyse conducts of avoidance to body image. The obtained results show that 8.5% of the subjects have a risk of dependency on exercise and 18.2% tend to have corporal dissatisfaction, without meaningful differences in the kind of sport they practiced. However, there were important differences concerning the dependency on physical exercise (15% vs. 4.8%) and body dissatisfaction (31.1% vs. 11%) in relation to sex, with the higher percentages referring to women. Introjected regulation and the conduct of food restriction were predictor variables of the dependency on exercise and corporal dissatisfaction. Also, the number and duration of sessions; the age of the participants; the integrated, introjected, and external regulations surrounding social activities; and eating restraints could all predict dependence on physical exercise (DPE).
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