Leadership is the activity to influences others in order to guide them towards a certain goal (Miftah Thoha, 2013; 121). A leader is someone with capabilities and advantages so that they can influences and guides others to work together for a similar goal. Political leadership covers a wide range of topics due to how a country are constituted by structures designed to run it. Transactional leadership occurs because by default leadership is a form of social control between the leader and its subordinates. Transactional leadership or often called transactional politics has become its own problem. A normal kind of leadership when applied on other fields might become biased and pose a certain problem in the political sphere. Transactional politics can be hard to avoid especially in a presidential government system which involves multiple political parties. Transactional leadership is the kind of leadership modeled to attain a certain goal by giving rewards as well as guiding and controlling the subordinates so that they can work effectively and efficiently. It also focuses more on inter individual transaction, between the members and its managers.
This research purposed to analyze the effect of video learning of civic education about state which was manipulated by experiment group (audio visual method use video) and control group (conventional method use teacher) to gain students knowledge. The samples of the study were fourty students in Satu Atap Lontar Junior High School who had not implemented the audio visual (video) learning method. This study applied an experimental design with pretest and posttest design. The results score of experiment group pretest means are 5.35 and posttest means are 6.2. The increase of knowledge generated from this method was 8.8%, after that, we do the paired t test and did not show any significance at all. Different results were obtained by the control group, with a pretest means are 7.65 and posttest means are 9.1. The increased of this method was 19.7%, after that, we do the paired t test and show the real significant with p<.05. The conclusion that learning by conventional methods can not be completely replaced by audio visual methods. However, they can be collaborated into effective learning methods to increase students knowledge of state in rural schools, especially Satu Atap Lontar Junior High School.
An organization of communication plays an important role for good relationships inside, outside and between the organization itself. The primary role within the organization is the human relations and public relations, so that will be integrated relationships among them. To simplify the process of achieving goals, relations that are external to be created, developed and constructed well. Leadership is an attempt to influence people through communication to achieve goals by influencing people with instructions or orders that cause others to act or respond. Leadership includes the importance of the communication process, so that the essence of leadership is communication, so communication is very important in leadership.
State defense is a concept closely related with National Defense System. Indonesian National Defense System bears following specific characteristics; universal, and involving all citizens, territories and other national resources. Meanwhile, corruption is the opposite of the nation's core values, which is against the national interest and the spirit of the nation, and does not stand in accordance with the noble values of Indonesia. Thus, corruption is a threat to the defense and security of our country. Corrupt behavior is a form of action against efforts to defend the state. The state defense program will emphasize the dissemination of the values of nationalism and love for the country. It is expected that the values instilled in the state defense program can prevent a culture of corruption from spreading to all members of society. Leadership is a series of leadership activities that cannot be separated from the position, style and behavior of the leader, as well as the interactions between the leader and their followers, in regards with the situation. UPN Veteran, which is a State Defense university, has met the aspects of consideration to become a PTN (public university) announced by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Of the three considerations of the conversion process from PTS to PTN, UPN Veteran has fulfilled two considerations, namely historical considerations and a special mission, by which UPN Veteran Jakarta has presented something novel that cannot be fulfilled by other public universities, namely as a State Defense university. The existence and progress of UPN Veteran Jakarta in the perspective of national character education is a necessity to be able to answer our various problems in society, nation and state.
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