In Mexico, it is estimated that due to the economic system the overexploitation of natural resources, environmental impacts and health have been generated, with high rates of overweight and obesity. This review analyzes the impacts on food safety, environmental health, and the economy in Mexico before and during the COVID-19 contingency. Derived from the analysis, among the lessons learned we can include: the health contingency due to COVID-19 had negative repercussions on food security, environmental health and the economy, which require the promotion of public policies (health, environment and economy) and migrate to a health prevention system and an agroecological model, which includes multidisciplinary and intersectoral interventions (government, academia, researchers, civil society organizations, business groups and citizens themselves) to reform and enforce the right to enjoy adequate food and a healthy environment. The contingency due to COVID19 has shown us that this must go from an ideology to being a reality and the lessons learned will have to focus on promoting an innovative and ethical culture of generating an economy, with a gender balance, resilience to climate change, management transparent technology and a priority in health and this will lead to progress in the food security of the population.
The COVID-19 pandemic showed an impact mainly on the health of people and the economy of households. The levels of food security in the world’s households, especially in Mexico, have decreased. When people do not have food security, their health is compromised and they have financial problems; on the other hand, environmental deterioration has a link with food security. The purpose of this review is to analysis of the current situation in Mexico of food security, environmental health and economy, the main lessons learned in these areas and their proposals integrating public policies. A review was carried out in the main databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts y PAIS Index) with the following keywords and according to the MeSH terms: Food security, food insecurity, environmental health, public policies, environmental, production, integrating the word COVID-19 in English and Spanish. Only 44.5% of Mexican households presented food security. For food insecurity, 22.6% had moderate and severe food insecurity, while 32.9% had mild insecurity. Food insecurity and the health impacts of environmental origin (waste management during the coronavirus pandemic, water contaminated by bacteria, viruses, and toxins; air pollution) generates impacts on economic activity by not offering food that meets health regulations. Without the application of cost-effective measures and interventions for the prevention and control of patients with obesity, the direct costs for 2023 will amount to 9 million dollars, which worsens the household economy. Despite having laws and policies on the right to food, a healthy environment (water), and opportunities for economic growth, these human rights are not fulfilled. The conclusion is that it is necessary to use a health and agroecological model to promote public policies (health, environment, and economy) that aims to prevent the discussed issues, with multidisciplinary and intersectoral interventions (government, academia, researchers, civil society organizations, industry, and population). This upholds the human right that all people should enjoy an adequate, healthy environment and have access to high-quality food.
Introduction:: The prevalence of leukemia in children aged under 19 years continues to increase. Nutritional and environmental factors have been described as causes of their development, and maternal breastfeeding, birth weight, exposure to cow’s milk or to contaminants before 1 year of age, and smoking have been studied. Objective:: To analyze the main nutritional and environmental risk factors in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in a public hospital in Guanajuato, Mexico. Methods:: Analytical and cross-sectional study on 30 children under 18 years of age, with a confirmed diagnosis of ALL in a public hospital in Guanajuato, Mexico. With the signed informed consent of the children’s parents, a questionnaire was applied that collected and in which nutritional risk factors (weeks of gestation and birth weight, breastfeeding, exposure to cow’s milk) and environmental factors (smoking and exposure to arsenic) were evaluated. The frequencies and Odds Ratios (OR) of the main nutritional and environmental risk factors were obtained. Results:: Mean age was 8 ± 4 years with 38 ± 1 weeks of gestation, with a birth weight of 3,200 g (range, 2,500-4,800 g). Fifty percent of the children consumed cow’s milk during their first year of life (40% before 6 months of age); 33.3% received maternal milk for ≤6 months and 63% of the parents had a positive smoking habit, with 66.6% of the participants living in cities with arsenic levels falling outside of the norm. Conclusion:: The main nutritional and environmental risk factors found were early complementary feeding, cow’s milk prior to 1 year of age, a duration of breastfeeding of fewer than 6 months, birth weight of >3,500 g, a positive smoking habit in the children’s parents, as well as exposure to arsenic in drinking water. Identification of these risk factors could constitute an input for integrating novel prevention alternatives and the nutritional management of leukemia.
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