Sellin and Wolfgang, in an effort to derive a common baseline for evaluating the extent of criminality, obtained ratings of the seriousness of 141 different criminal offenses from samples of middle class Pennsylvania raters. They suggested that their data reflected values that would be fairly general throughout Western cultures. To determine if differences in criminality, social class, educational level, language or cultural background might influence such ratings, samples of lower class Puerto Rican offenders and non-offenders were asked to rate Spanish translations of these offenses. Not only were few significant differences found, but a high degree of agreement was obtained between these two samples and also between these Puerto Rican samples and the Pennsylvania Ss studied by Wolfgang and Selin. In addition to similarity between the means, there were no differences in variability as might be expected if one group was manifesting greater value confusion. The implications of these findings for popular theories of delinquency were discussed.
It is suggested that the clinical interpretation of Holtzman Inkblot Technique scores would be facilitated by the use of T-score profile sheets analogous t o those used for the MMPI and CPI. Using Holtzman et al.'s normative data for average adults, two such profile sheets were devised, one listing the 22 scales in their usual order and a Clinical Form in which the scales were divided into six clusters reflecting I: Reactions to the Stimuli, 11: Manner of approach and organization of the blot, 111: Reality contact and Communality, IV: Intelligence and Maturity, V: Emotional Responsivity, and VI: Psychopathology. The clinical interpretation of the HIT profile was discussed and illustrated.
The Spanish version of the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ) was examined and found to have numerous grammatical and syntactical errors that seriously limit its usefulness for the psychological evaluation of Spanish-speaking clients. At least 36% of the items were found to be poorly translated from the original English version.
HIT performance of Barnes and Velez-Diaz' brain-damaged and control samples was contrasted. The results indicated good discrimination between Barnes' controls and both brain-damaged samples, but a poorer discrimination between Velez-Diaz' controls and the brain-damaged samples. This latter finding was attributed to the small N in Velez-Diaz' controls. Velez-Diaz' brain-damaged Ss showed the greatest degree of impairment of all samples, but Velez-Diaz' aged controls showed a poorer level of performance than did Barnes' brain-damaged patients.
The HIT standard scoring variables failed to differentiate between the brain-damaged and schizophrenic Ss, as perhaps would be expected from past studies of the Rorschach on the subject. This failure to discriminate may reflect the behavioral similarities encountered in these two complex syndromes, and it should be borne in mind that both groups consisted of chronic individuals with lowered productivity levels. As neither schizophrenia nor organicity are unitary syndromes, it is possible that future studies that compare the inkblot performance of different types of brain-damaged vs. schizophrenic Ss may be more productive in obtaining differences between the syndromes.
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