Resumen.-Pequeños Brachionus sp. (130-230 µm) en 2011-2012 y superpequeños Brachionus sp. (110-140 µm) en 2013-2014, se cultivaron en un sistema por lotes (ciclos de 3 o 4 días) y en sistemas semi-continuos. Para la alimentación de rotíferos se usaron microalga concentrada (Nannochloropsis sp.), dosificada continuamente con una bomba peristáltica. Las condiciones del cultivo fueron provistas con aire, oxígeno e hidroximetanosulfonato de sodio. La producción total promedio por día fue 552, 602 y 459 millones de rotíferos d -1, con una densidad final promedio de cosecha de 1.099 rotíferos mL -1 , 1.052 rotíferos mL -1 y 1.015 rotíferos mL -1 , para tres días (3-d), cuatro días (4-d) del sistema de producción por lotes y el sistema de producción semi-continuo, respectivamente. Los valores promedios producidos de rotíferos fueron adecuados para suplir los requerimientos de rotíferos en los ciclos de cultivos piloto, para producir 169 x 10 3 /año (2012) a 564 x 10 3 (2013) juveniles/año con una demanda media anual de 83,9 x 10 6 rotíferos/1000 juveniles producidos. Los costos totales operacionales por millón de rotíferos/día fueron bajos con el sistema de cultivo semi-continuo ($0,23), seguido por el sistema por lotes de 4-d ($0,55) y el sistema por lotes de 3-d ($0,59). Estos costos de producción fueron más bajos que otros reportes de producción con alimento artificial y sistemas de recirculación. Los principales componentes de los costos operacionales fueron alimento (71-77%) y personal (7-11%). La mejor estabilidad y confiabilidad de la producción fue con el sistema semi-continuo, el cual garantizó las cantidades requeridas diariamente para los cultivos de cría larval más altos. Para posibles mejoras y aumento de la producción, la discusión se basa en términos de eficiencia financiera.Palabras clave: Sistema de cultivo por lotes, sistema de cultivo semi-continuo, análisis de costos operacionales, larva de peces marinos , 1,052 rotifers mL -1 and 1,015 rotifers mL -1 were harvested in three day (3-d) and four day (4-d) batch culture systems and semi-continuous culture systems, respectively. The average values of rotifers produced were adequate to supply the rotifers required in the parallel pilot rearing larval cycles, and 169 x 10 3 /yr (2012) to 564 x 10 3 (2013) juveniles/yr were produced with a mean annual demand of 83.9 x 10 6 rotifers/1,000 juveniles produced. The total operational cost per million rotifers/day was lower for the semi-continuous culture system ($0.23), followed by the 4-d batch system ($0.55) and 3-d batch system ($0.59). These production costs were lower than those of other reports with artificial feeds and recirculation systems. The main components of the total operational cost was food (71-77%) and labor (7-11%). The best production stability and reliability were in the semicontinuous system, which best met the required daily quantities for the larval rearing trials. For possible improvements and increased production, the results are discussed in terms of financial efficiency.
Red jumbo tilapia and M. americanum prawns were placed in 1000 L units in polyculture at three different densities of tilapia (4/5, 9/5 and 14/5 m 2 ; tilapia/prawn) during 112 days with initial weight of 6.5 ± 2.8 g for tilapia and 25.9 ± 8.5 g for prawn. Prawn (0/5 m 2) and tilapia (4/0, 9/0 and 14/0 m 2) controls were included. Tanks were maintained outdoors and under shade. Total weight gain (WG), daily individual weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR), survival, production of gross mass and food conversion ratios (FCR), ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, and chlorophyll a were measured in all units. Only prawn weight gain was significantly higher in polyculture. For tilapia, the highest survival at the end of the trial was 94% and the lowest was 75%, while prawns had final survival rates from 43% to 86%. No statistical differences were observed in weight increase among treatments at p ≤ 0.05.
ABSTRACT. An assay on tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and freshwater prawn Macrobrachium americanum in polyculture was conducted during 112 days to study the effect on their blood chemistry and biochemical body composition to determine the feasibility of this polyculture in high density. Six densities were evaluated [T4/5, T9/5, T14/5, T0/5, T9/0, and T14/0; Ttilapia/prawn (ind m -2 )]. In tilapia were evaluated hemoglobin, red cells albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, and triglycerides composition in blood. In M. americanum were evaluated hemocyanin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total protein in hemolymph. The total content of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in muscle and liver of tilapia, and muscle and hepatopancreas on prawns were also studied. Both animals presented significant differences (P < 0.05) in the glucose concentration, tilapia at T9/5 density presented significantly lower concentration (26.25 ± 6.3 mg dL -1 ) in blood, and prawn at T4/5 presented significant higher concentration (12.2 ± 1.9 mg dL -1 ). Tilapia monocultures T14/0 displayed significant higher (P < 0.05) carbohydrate concentration in muscle. No significant differences (P > 0.05) appeared in the concentration of lipids and proteins in any tilapia group and proximal composition of muscle and hepatopancreas in prawn. The present study indicates that polyculture in a density T14/5 is similar than monoculture with no effect in blood or hemolymph chemistry and proximal composition of tilapia and prawn. The blood glucose concentration can be considered an indicator of physiological changes for tilapia and prawn when cultured together.
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