Pilot-scale production of the rotifer Brachionus sp. under different culture systems

Abstract

Resumen.-Pequeños Brachionus sp. (130-230 µm) en 2011-2012 y superpequeños Brachionus sp. (110-140 µm) en 2013-2014, se cultivaron en un sistema por lotes (ciclos de 3 o 4 días) y en sistemas semi-continuos. Para la alimentación de rotíferos se usaron microalga concentrada (Nannochloropsis sp.), dosificada continuamente con una bomba peristáltica. Las condiciones del cultivo fueron provistas con aire, oxígeno e hidroximetanosulfonato de sodio. La producción total promedio por día fue 552, 602 y 459 millones de rotíferos d -1, con una densidad final promedio de cosecha de 1.099 rotíferos mL -1 , 1.052 rotíferos mL -1 y 1.015 rotíferos mL -1 , para tres días (3-d), cuatro días (4-d) del sistema de producción por lotes y el sistema de producción semi-continuo, respectivamente. Los valores promedios producidos de rotíferos fueron adecuados para suplir los requerimientos de rotíferos en los ciclos de cultivos piloto, para producir 169 x 10 3 /año (2012) a 564 x 10 3 (2013) juveniles/año con una demanda media anual de 83,9 x 10 6 rotíferos/1000 juveniles producidos. Los costos totales operacionales por millón de rotíferos/día fueron bajos con el sistema de cultivo semi-continuo ($0,23), seguido por el sistema por lotes de 4-d ($0,55) y el sistema por lotes de 3-d ($0,59). Estos costos de producción fueron más bajos que otros reportes de producción con alimento artificial y sistemas de recirculación. Los principales componentes de los costos operacionales fueron alimento (71-77%) y personal (7-11%). La mejor estabilidad y confiabilidad de la producción fue con el sistema semi-continuo, el cual garantizó las cantidades requeridas diariamente para los cultivos de cría larval más altos. Para posibles mejoras y aumento de la producción, la discusión se basa en términos de eficiencia financiera.Palabras clave: Sistema de cultivo por lotes, sistema de cultivo semi-continuo, análisis de costos operacionales, larva de peces marinos , 1,052 rotifers mL -1 and 1,015 rotifers mL -1 were harvested in three day (3-d) and four day (4-d) batch culture systems and semi-continuous culture systems, respectively. The average values of rotifers produced were adequate to supply the rotifers required in the parallel pilot rearing larval cycles, and 169 x 10 3 /yr (2012) to 564 x 10 3 (2013) juveniles/yr were produced with a mean annual demand of 83.9 x 10 6 rotifers/1,000 juveniles produced. The total operational cost per million rotifers/day was lower for the semi-continuous culture system ($0.23), followed by the 4-d batch system ($0.55) and 3-d batch system ($0.59). These production costs were lower than those of other reports with artificial feeds and recirculation systems. The main components of the total operational cost was food (71-77%) and labor (7-11%). The best production stability and reliability were in the semicontinuous system, which best met the required daily quantities for the larval rearing trials. For possible improvements and increased production, the results are discussed in terms of financial efficiency.

Recirculation Aquaculture System for Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Production: Construction and Operation

“…(2003) and Rojo‐Cebreros et al. (2017). The un‐ionized form of ammonia is a major threat in high‐density rotifer production, but it was not observed above 1.16 mg/L throughout the culture period in our study.…”

“…Likewise, Sananurak et al (2009) suggested that the dissolved oxygen level should be kept above 3.0 mg/L. On the other hand, Rojo-Cebreros et al (2017) maintained the dissolved oxygen level at 8.6-8.7 mg/L by using respironics for high-density culture. Total hardness and alkalinity have not shown any effect on rotifer production while pH was maintained between 7.4 and 8.8, as suggested by Suantika et al (2003) and Rojo-Cebreros et al (2017).…”

“…On the other hand, Rojo-Cebreros et al (2017) maintained the dissolved oxygen level at 8.6-8.7 mg/L by using respironics for high-density culture. Total hardness and alkalinity have not shown any effect on rotifer production while pH was maintained between 7.4 and 8.8, as suggested by Suantika et al (2003) and Rojo-Cebreros et al (2017). The un-ionized form of ammonia is a major threat in high-density rotifer production, but it was not observed above 1.16 mg/L throughout the culture period in our study.…”

“…In aquaculture, larval culture is a main bottleneck in promoting higher production due to insufficient availability of diets for initial feeding of fish larvae (Felix 2013). Thus, hatcheries need sufficient and cost-effective live feed sources, such as rotifers, daphnia, moina, cyclopoid copepods, and brine shrimp Artemia spp., at the right time and in the required quantity (Rojo-Cebreros et al 2017). Rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus are widely used as an essential live food source in aquaculture due to their unique characteristics, such as appropriate size (50-200 μm), slow swimming, easy digestibility (Gilbert 2018), and appropriate biochemical composition (Rahman et al 2018).…”

“…With the remarkable growth of the freshwater aquaculture sector, the demand for rotifers has increased significantly (Rojo-Cebreros et al 2017). Accordingly, various investigations throughout the world have been undertaken to obtain higher production in smaller areas with recirculation facilities, identify appropriate food, and maintain the ecosystem at its constant throughout the production period (Suantika et al 2003;Sananurak et al 2009;Odo et al 2015;Liang et al 2018;Rahman et al 2018).…”