Green protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been attracting a lot of attention because they are eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective. Nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by green routes and characterized for impact of green chemistry on the properties and biological effects of nanoparticles in the last five years. Green synthesis, properties, and applications of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been reported in the literature. This review summarizes the synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles using different biological systems. This review also provides comparative overview of influence of chemical synthesis and green synthesis on structural properties of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles and their biological behavior. It concludes that green methods for synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles are better than chemical synthetic methods.
The green fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) by using plants as reducing and capping agents involves energy efficient, less toxic, safer and simpler pathways. These pathways have been related to the rational use of numerous substances in fabrication of NPs and synthetic strategies, which have been mainly discussed in this article. The subject matter of this review is to discuss how a chemist can follow the green chemistry principles in terms of selection of substances and protocols used for NPs fabrication. Furthermore, it describes how a researcher can modify the physical properties of NPs by varying the reaction conditions. In short, this review article provides a scheme for the synthesis of NPs from selection of suitable plant to characterization of formed NPs by employing green chemistry.
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