Selection of Optimum Strategies for the Fabrication of Plant-Mediated Metal Nanoparticles: Emerging Problems in Sustainability

Abstract

The green fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) by using plants as reducing and capping agents involves energy efficient, less toxic, safer and simpler pathways. These pathways have been related to the rational use of numerous substances in fabrication of NPs and synthetic strategies, which have been mainly discussed in this article. The subject matter of this review is to discuss how a chemist can follow the green chemistry principles in terms of selection of substances and protocols used for NPs fabrication. Furthermore, it describes how a researcher can modify the physical properties of NPs by varying the reaction conditions. In short, this review article provides a scheme for the synthesis of NPs from selection of suitable plant to characterization of formed NPs by employing green chemistry.

Turmeric extract-mediated biogenic synthesis of Ag@SeO2 magnetic nanoparticles: characterization, optimization, antibacterial and antioxidant activities

“…It has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional physical and chemical methods, which are often energy-intensive, expensive, and environmentally unfavorable. 14 PMSN harnesses the unique properties of plant extracts to reduce and stabilize metal ions into nanoparticles. Plant extracts contain a variety of phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides, which can act as reducing agents, capping agents, and stabilizers.…”

Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Explore Cytotoxic Behaviour and to Diminish Environmental Pollution by a Novel Contrivance

“…and extracts of different parts of plants like root, peel, fruit, flower, leaves etc. are used as reducing agent to reduce metallic ions to metal nanoparitcles in this green method [42][43][44][45]. Recently Iron oxide NPs have been synthesized through green method by using the extract of Citrus Maxima peel [46], Green tea [47] haematocephal leaf [48], Couroupita guianensis Abul fruit [49], Juglans regia fruit peel [50], Mimosa pudica root [51], coffee waste [52], Arabic gum [53], Syzygium cumini seed [54].…”