The theoretical foundations for the development of the digital economy and e-government are considered in this article. The main objectives of Russia's transition to the digital economy are listed. The relevance of the development of the digital government concept is considered. The indicators of the current level of state development in the framework of digitalization and the formation of e-government are analyzed. The main problems, the solution of which makes the implementation of the digital government project of the Russian Federation possible, are singled out. Digital economy development is associated not only with the progress of the information technology and innovation industry, but also with the improvement of the labor market, where new jobs, professions and personnel are created. In this regard, there is a rapid process of the foundation of society, where one job becomes low-paid, and new professions allow one to receive a personal income at the level of top managers of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Main goal of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial intentions of students in selected European post-communist states. The second purpose of the research is to learn about those determinants which, according to the respondents themselves, are essential for the emergence of entrepreneurial intentions. In short, the results of hierarchical multiple OLS regression indicated that the most important factor influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of the surveyed students was entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Moreover, based on estimates of the final regression model, it was identified that dummy variables concerning the respondents’ country significantly moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the dependent variable. It can be noted that the strength of the impact of the above-mentioned regressor is closely related to the values of Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture. The obtained results were fully confirmed using an alternative research method, i.e. the ordered logit model. In the second stage of the study, it was revealed that the desire to be independent is the most frequently cited factor motivating the respondents to start their own business. Moreover, using the multiple marginal independence (MMI) testing method, it was found that student responses differ significantly among the examined countries, except for two cases, i.e. Russia and Latvia, and the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
A detail attempt of the “city placement” strategy, has been made in the article. Its main threads, components and decision making problems of the film producers teams have been emphasized. The author based his knowledge, in this case, on the diagnosis and analysis of the processes and decision making procedures adequate for big, Polish cities, their administrative authorities, promotional strategies and the rules of cooperation with media partners. Assumedly, the used process-structural conceptualization is to emphasize the main determinants of the “city placement” strategy introduction in marketing practice of the cities and regions.
Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to present the conditions and possibilities of market reorientation of cultural heritage objects with respect to all the features of such objects including, inter alia, the historical, artistic and emotional values, forms of ownership, functions and previous market position. The author presents the main determinants and forms of "opening" the historical objects (antique properties) for existing and new markets through developing and widening the offering of services. Research Design & Methods: This paper introduces a concept and a model that rely on the author's original vision of diagnosing, shaping and implementing market restructuring for cultural heritage objects. From the methodological point of view the theoretical concepts of illustrating the gradual expansion of market relations between historical objects and their stakeholders rely on theoretical concepts of market, market economy, entrepreneurship and marketing management of NGO's. Findings: In market economy all organizations are included, at least to some extent, in a network of relationships and dependencies specific for the market and for the processes of exchanging values between partners. This also applies to the cultural sector and, within it, to various cultural heritage objects. The gradual reduction of financing of these objects by the State or regional budgets force the management of cultural objects to accept and apply a new functional philosophy-a philosophy of gradual expansion of its own market and increasing of additional financial revenues generated on this market. Implications / Recommendations: The author does not question the supreme, social and civilizing role of many historic buildings, but he also claims that orientation for additional market resources should be treated and perceived as recommended and even necessary. Contribution / Value Added: In the paper the process of market reorientation of cultural heritage objects has been introduced as a continuum-as a cycle of systematic changes, starting initially from traditional orientation for preservation and conservation and ending on the appropriate and final orientation for the market.
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