The storage of large numbers of batteries and accumulators is associated with an increased risk of their ignition, which results in the release of significant amounts of hydrogen into the environment. The aim of the study was to reconstruct hazardous zones after hydrogen and liquefied propane–butane (reference gas) release for different industrial processes with the use of numerical methods. Two numerical tools (Fire Dynamics Simulator and Ansys software) were applied for the three-dimensional reconstruction of flammable gas release. Propane–butane was produced from aerosol packages, and hydrogen was produced during battery charging. Emission was analyzed in an industrial building, and both emissions were independent processes. The obtained results indicated that the hazardous zones correspond to the lower explosive level concentrations for both analyzed gasses. Moreover, the high-resolution computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model for flammable gas emissions provided noninvasive and direct quantitative evidence that may influence the safety procedures prepared by regulatory agencies in refining the safety limits in the cost-effective and time-saving manners.

Abstract-In this paper we describe an evacuation modeling framework based on a graph representation of the scene which is derived from its geometric description. Typically such graphs (geometric networks) are constructed using Medial Axis Transform (MAT) or Straight Medial Axis Transform (S-MAT). In our work we use Voronoi tessellation of a set of points approximating the scene (a single floor plan) along with the dual graph -Delaunay triangulation. Using these two graphs we extract not only the information about paths in the building, but also information about path widths and areas assigned to vertices. Typically only path lengths from MAT or S-MAT based geometric networks are used in evacuation modeling. Our approach enables us to include flow analysis and e.g. locate bottlenecks. We discuss a typical density-based evacuation model coupled with a partial behavioral evacuation model within proposed framework.

This article is devoted to the practical application of CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics software, as a tool helpful in the explosive hazardous area classification. The practical examples will be discussed, which show that use of computer software for the simulation of gas emissions or the simulation of vapors of flammable liquids, allows not only visualization, but also improvement the quality of following conclusions received during the explosive hazardous area classification. The Computational Fluid Dynamics is a branch of physics which deals with solving transport equations for given boundary conditions using numerical methods. The solution is found by dividing the analyzed space into a specified number of small control volumes (cells). At the same time, time period is divided into short steps. Then, for each of the cells at each time step, the transport equations are converted into the system of linear equations. Such systems are solved using appropriate numerical algorithms.

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