Numerical Reconstruction of Hazardous Zones after the Release of Flammable Gases during Industrial Processes

Salamonowicz, Zdzisław; Krauze, Andrzej; Majder–Łopatka, Małgorzata; Dmochowska, Anna; Piechota-Polańczyk, Aleksandra; Polańczyk, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/pr9020307

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…First, the 3d model of the mathematical domain analyzed was prepared with the use of SpaceClaim Ansys software (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, USA) (Figure 1). In the next step, with the use of Ansys ICEM software (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, USA), a numerical mesh was designed [14]. To reduce discretization errors, a mesh independent test was performed.…”

Section: Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, dispersion models can be described as Gaussian, integral-type, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models [12]. Among all models presented, ALOHA, PHAST, and CFD codes are the most commonly used to study gas dispersion [12,14]. Furthermore, CFD is a useful tool for estimating hazardous zones after the release of flammable gases [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia Dispersion in the Closed Space of an Ammonia Engine Room with Forced Ventilation in an Industrial Plant

et al. 2022

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Air pollution is a global problem that is responsible for more than four million premature deaths each year. Air exchange in ammonia engine rooms is a priority for normal operating conditions, as well as in the event of an emergency release. A numerical approach with the use of computational fluid dynamics techniques can provide detailed data, such as spatial gas dispersion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to prepare a mathematical tool for the assessment of ammonia distribution in an engine room equipped with forced ventilation as a prediction tool for dangerous industrial setup working configurations. This study analyzed the uncontrolled release of ammonia during the production process in an engine room using Ansys Fluent software. It was observed that emergency ammonia leakage of 0.1 kg/s in the assumed air flow poses a great threat to the mechanics. In many simulated scenarios, ammonia spread to the entire building. Moreover, the mass fraction of ammonia was the highest in the gas stream right after its release. After being released, ammonia often accumulated in the ceiling zone, and in inactive exhaust chimneys, air inlets, and doors. It was observed that the effectiveness of the ventilation analyzed depended on the number of active air vents and exhausts, as well as their spatial distribution throughout the building.

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Section: Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Dispersion in the Closed Space of an Ammonia Engine Room with Forced Ventilation in an Industrial Plant

et al. 2022

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“…Rupture discs are important protective devices used to safeguard pressure vessels and fluid pipelines from overpressure hazards; they have been widely used in major industrial systems and production facilities [1][2][3][4]. Rupture discs and pressure relief valves (PRV) are both overpressure relief devices applied to high-pressure equipment, but the application scenarios of the two are different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Moulding Pressure on the Burst Pressure of Reverse-Acting Rupture Discs

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2021

Processes

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Rupture discs, also called bursting discs, are widely used in pressure vessels, pressure equipment, and pressure piping in process industries, such as nuclear power, fire protection, and petrochemical industries. To explore the relationship between the burst pressure of reverse-acting rupture discs and their production, two common manufacturing methods, air pressure moulding and hydraulic moulding, were compared in this study. Reverse-acting rupture discs that complied with the form recommended by API 520-2014 were prepared with four release diameters, and burst pressure tests were carried out. These results showed an obvious negative correlation between the forming pressure of rupture discs and their actual burst pressure for all experimental samples. Further study showed that the main reason for this correlation was a reduction in thickness at the top of the rupture disc caused by large plastic deformation during compression moulding. To explore the relationship between the thickness reduction effect and moulding method, this study defined the “relative ratio of thickness reduction” and concluded that the effect of decreasing the thickness of the rupture disc was more obvious for rupture disc substrates with less flexural rigidity. The above conclusions have important significance for guiding the control of the burst pressure of rupture discs.

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“…Various standard methods are used to test the fire danger of polymers [48]- [50]. In addition, several mathematical models have been developed to study the pyrolysis of materials, for example, Fire Dynamic Simulator [51]- [53], ThermaKin [54]- [56], Gpyro [57]- [59]. These mathematical models have been used to obtain the characteristics of pyrolysis of various combustible materials [60]- [63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Simulation of Heat Transfer in the Structures of a Passenger Carriage Under the Influence of Forest Fires

Baranovskiy

Malinin

2021

IREMOS

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Forest fires have a negative impact on the functioning of the railway. The aim of the work is a mathematical modeling of heat transfer in the structures of a passenger carriage under the influence of radiation from a forest fire front. The originality of the study is explained by modeling heat transfer in structural materials of a passenger carriage under the influence of radiation from a forest fire front. Low and high intensity surface forest fires, crown forest fires are considered. Most of the previously published works are devoted to the analysis of the causes of forest fires, including the ones near the railway. The software implementation of the mathematical model is performed in the RAD Studio software in the high-level programming language Delphi. Mathematically, heat transfer in the materials of a passenger carriage is described by nonstationary differential heat conduction equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. In order to solve the partial differential equations, the finite-difference method and the locally one-dimensional method are used. Difference analogs of differential equations are solved by the marching method. The main findings of the study are: 1) physical and mathematical models of heat transfer in the structures of a passenger carriage under conditions of exposure to radiation from a forest fire; 2) the obtained temperature distributions in the inhomogeneous structure of the passenger carriage wall; 3) simulation has shown that a low-intensity surface forest fire causes a relatively safe forest fire impact scenario, while a high-intensity surface forest fire impact is a potentially dangerous scenario; 4) the scenario of the impact of a crown forest fire is unambiguously dangerous at any parameters; 5) the results obtained in this paper and the expected in future investigations will create a physical basis for the development of software for fire safety systems for rolling stock on the railway. The presented results are proposed to be used for forecasting, monitoring, and assessing forest fire dangers during the operation of the rolling stock of JSC Russian Railways.

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Numerical Reconstruction of Hazardous Zones after the Release of Flammable Gases during Industrial Processes

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Ammonia Dispersion in the Closed Space of an Ammonia Engine Room with Forced Ventilation in an Industrial Plant

Ammonia Dispersion in the Closed Space of an Ammonia Engine Room with Forced Ventilation in an Industrial Plant

Influence of Moulding Pressure on the Burst Pressure of Reverse-Acting Rupture Discs

Mathematical Simulation of Heat Transfer in the Structures of a Passenger Carriage Under the Influence of Forest Fires

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