BACKGROUND: Relevance. In the development of Russian dentistry, one can clearly trace the emergence and gradual formation of two independent directions that merged together only after the October Socialist Revolution. The first of them is connected with the organization and treatment of maxillofacial wounded, the second with the organization and treatment of dental diseases. It is impossible to imagine the development of these areas without specialists who have made a unique contribution to the development of domestic and world dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. The Russian Journal of Dentistry opens a new section Pages of Memory, which will be dedicated to prominent scientists, clinicians, organizers of dental care, as well as prominent public figures of healthcare. This section begins with materials about the life, professional activity and contribution to military and practical dentistry of academician, Colonel-General of the medical service Fyodor Ivanovich Komarov.
BACKGROUND: Optimized use of removable dental prosthesis and enhancement of the adaptation period to such orthopedic substituting dental constructions in the oral cavity are the actual aims of practical stomatology. AIM: This study aimed to estimate the psychological state of patients in the process of adaptation to removable dental prostheses and to assess the influence of dental prosthesis fixation on the optimization of adaptation for them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the case of psychosensoryanatomicalfunctional maladaptation syndrome, the psychological states of 35 people with partial and 38 with complete tooth loss before and during the adaptation period of their dental rehabilitation for removable acrylic dentures were assessed. The study groups were divided into two subgroups, depending on the method used to improve the fixation of dentures. RESULTS: During the initial examination, all study patients with partial or complete tooth loss had impaired adaptability to these conditions, mainly due to anatomical and functional disorders of the masticatory apparatus. During the adaptation period, an improvement in the psychological status of the patients was noted, especially in those who used the cream for fixation of dentures for domestic production. CONCLUSION: During their adaptation to the removable partial and full dentures, patients are recommended to use the prescribed cream to improve their fixation and thereby allow the reduction of painful symptoms from the prosthetic bed tissues and significantly improve the psychological status of the patients during the adaptation period.
Currently, there is no scientifically substantiated information on the occurrence of dental hyperesthesia and its causes in patients who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Objective: to study the occurrence of dental hyperesthesia, to analyze the causes and to find ways to eliminate it in elderly patients after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The incidence of dental hyperesthesia was studied in 175 elderly people (from 61 to 75 years old) who had a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 2-4 months ago. As a control group, 125 elderly people were examined, who had not suffered from a new COVID-19 coronavirus infection before their examination. Functional resistance of hard tissues of teeth was assessed using the index of enamel resistance test (TER-test) according to V.R. Okushko and oral hygiene using the simplified index of oral hygiene of Green-Vermillion OHI-S. Results. It has been established that in the postcovid period, dental hyperesthesia is more common in elderly patients, the cause of which is the demineralization of tooth enamel due to the deterioration of individual oral hygiene. Generally accepted oral hygiene in elderly people suffering from dental hyperesthesia contributes to the normalization of the TER-test indicators with a period of 3 to 6 months of regular dental and oral care. The additional use of remineralizing ASEPTА gel for teeth by patients during dental care made it possible to achieve high structural and functional resistance of tooth enamel during the quarter. Conclusion. In people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, due to the deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, there is a decrease in the mineralization of hard tooth tissues, which is a factor in the occurrence of dental hyperesthesia and confirms the crystal chemical theory of this pathology. The additional use of remineralizing ASEPTА dental gel for individual dental and oral care makes it possible to achieve high caries resistance of tooth enamel in a shorter time.
Relevance. The influence of the presence/absence of teeth and the periodontium preserved at their existence as a balance factor in the oral cavity including the local immunity of the mucous membranes is practically not covered in the literature.The aim of the investigation was to study the microbial community of the oral cavity at the loss of natural teeth.Material and methods. 45 persons aged from 61 to 74 years old were under observation and were divided into 3 study groups. In the 1st control group the dental status was characterized by partial loss of natural teeth. In group 2 patients, with partial loss of teeth on both jaws, suffered from chronic generalized periodontitis of severe degree. Group 3 patients with partial tooth loss on both jaws suffered from chronic periapical inflammatory processes (chronic granulomatous periodontitis, chronic granulomatous periodontitis) in the absence of acute, chronic or exacerbation of chronic inflammatory process in periodontal tissues. Patients in this study group were also shown to have all of their upper and lower jaw teeth extracted for oral sanitation prior to dental orthopedic treatment. The microbiota was assessed before surgical sanitation of the oral cavity (before tooth extraction) and 30 to 35 days after the last tooth extraction, i.e. at complete tooth loss on the upper and lower jaws.Results. At the initial examination the frequency of detection of 5 red complex periodontopathogens (Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porhyromonas gingivalis) was from 27 to 53%, which was significantly higher than the control group (13-27%). In one month after complete tooth extraction the detection of these microorganisms in the experimental groups (with periodontitis and periodontitis) reliably decreased (Prevotella intermedia - 20%, Bacteroides forsythus - 20%, Treponema denticola - 20%, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - 20%, Porphyromonas gingivalis - 33%), which was not significantly different from the control group.Conclusion. Complete extraction of teeth has no effect on the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. in the saliva of patients with periodontal disease, but leads to a significant reduction in the presence of periodontopathogens and fungi of the genus Candida sp. in the saliva of older people.
To study the periodontal tissues, inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of which more than 50% of the population of the globe occur, the following methods are used: rheoparadontography, laser Doppler flowmetry, ultrasonic high-frequency Dopplerography (echoosteometry) and others which are often inaccessible for the public health institutions be-cause of the need in special expensive equipment, training and preparation of the equipment. The aim of the work was to correlate the assessment of the periodontal tissues condition in chronic generalized perio-dontitis with the help of modern methods of functional diagnostics and with the help of the test allowing to estimate the gingival capillaries resistance. 152 adult patients 45-56 years old were examined, 36 of them were not diagnosed with perio-dontal pathology, 116 patients had chronic generalized periodontitis of different severity degrees. Capillaroscopy, laser Dop-pler flowmetry, Kulazhenko's test, peripheral blood circulation index in the gingiva were applied in all patients to assess the morphofunctional state of the periodontal tissues. In people suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis the state of the periodontium using the mentioned research methods was also evaluated one month after the completion of the complex treatment. It is shown that the test of Kulazhenko suggested in the last century and the technique of the index evaluation of the peripheral blood circulation in the gingival tissues based on it clearly and reliably correlate with the indices obtained with the help of modern appliances for hemocirculation studies. Therefore, these techniques should retain their relevance for practical dentistry, especially since the use of Kulazhenko's test has a significant positive therapeutic effect on periodontal tissues in its inflammatory pathology, and the use of IPCD allows to objectively assess the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures, including during the dispensary of periodontological patients.
BACKGROUND: The persisting high incidence of complications in removable acrylic dentures should convince the researchers to understand the consequences of denture use on the oral health and whole organism. AIM: To examine the peculiarities of the oral mucosal immunity in patients with partial removable acrylic dentures and to evaluate the efficacy of the application of Asepta Prodontal denture fixation agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mucosal immunity was studied in 93 (24 men and 69 women) elderly patients (aged 61 74 years) with partial tooth loss who were divided into three study groups. Patients in the control group 1 (n=30) did not use any dentures. Group 2 (n=33) had partial removable acrylic dentures and from the first day of the adaptation period were offered to use the domestic denture fixation cream Asepta Parodontal (ZAO VERTEX, Saint Petersburg, Russia). Partial removable acrylic dentures were also made for group 3 (n=30), but their adaptation period was conducted without the application of domestic Asepta Parodontal denture fixation cream. RESULTS: On day 15 of the adaptation period in groups 2 and 3, inflammatory changes in the denture bed mucosa were revealed in 9.1% and 56.7% of the cases, respectively. On day 30 of dynamic observation in groups 2 and 3, inflammatory changes in the prosthetic bed mucosa were noted in 6.1% and 40.0% of the cases, respectively. The average numbers of visits to the doctor for denture correction in groups 2 and 3 were 1.33 and 2.76, respectively. A significant increase was found in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines on day 15 of the study in the saliva of patients with removable dentures, who used them without the denture fixation agent Asepta Parodontal, whereas patients using Asepta Parodontal showed an increase only in interleukins (IL) 6 and 8. Moreover, on day 30 of the study, no differences from the control group were observed in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with the group using domestic denture fixation cream, and in the group without using the cream, no decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was noted. The concentration of RAIL and IL-10 increased in group 3 on both day 15 and 30, whereas no significant differences were observed in the group using the cream. CONCLUSION: Better prosthetic bed condition, decreased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines with a simultaneous elevation of secretory IgA in the oral cavity, testifying to the decrease in inflammation, and an increase in the immunity of the oral mucosa was noted in patients using Asepta Parodontal denture fixation agent.
BACKGROUND: Patients often visit healthcare institutions for the treatment of various diseases, which are accompanied by painful symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for the prevention and relief of pain symptoms in surgical and trauma departments, providing good clinical results and analgesic effects. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of etoricoxib at various dosages for the prevention of pain symptoms after complex removal of the lower wisdom teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients were 108 (67 men and 41 women) young people (1832 years old) who underwent a complex removal of an impacted and/or dystopic lower wisdom tooth for orthodontic indications. During the clinical study, the patients were divided into five groups depending on the use and dosage of the highly selective NSAID etoricoxib. RESULTS: In the clinical study, etoricoxib was used at dosages of 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg to prevent pain in 108 patients aged 1832 years who underwent complex removal of the lower wisdom teeth according to orthodontic parameters. For these purposes, it is effective and sufficient to use the drug at a dosage of 60 mg. Etoricoxib also prevented the occurrence of infectious and inflammatory postoperative complications, such as alveolitis, and provided better patient tolerance to the surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: This clinical study on the effectiveness of etoricoxib at various dosages for the prevention of pain symptoms after removal the lower wisdom tooth showed the effectiveness of 60 mg, which should be taken 6090 min before surgery and in the next 23 days in the morning. Etoricoxib not only provided a significant reduction in pain intensity in the postoperative period but also prevented the occurrence of infectious and inflammatory postoperative complications and enabled better patient tolerance to the surgical intervention. Etoricoxib dosages of 90 mg and 120 mg are not advisable for the prevention of pain symptoms in surgical dentistry. Such dosages are necessary for complex treatment of dental diseases, accompanied by a chronic pain syndrome.
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