Changes in the oral microbioty with losing teeth

Abstract

Relevance. The influence of the presence/absence of teeth and the periodontium preserved at their existence as a balance factor in the oral cavity including the local immunity of the mucous membranes is practically not covered in the literature.The aim of the investigation was to study the microbial community of the oral cavity at the loss of natural teeth.Material and methods. 45 persons aged from 61 to 74 years old were under observation and were divided into 3 study groups. In the 1st control group the dental status was characterized by partial loss of natural teeth. In group 2 patients, with partial loss of teeth on both jaws, suffered from chronic generalized periodontitis of severe degree. Group 3 patients with partial tooth loss on both jaws suffered from chronic periapical inflammatory processes (chronic granulomatous periodontitis, chronic granulomatous periodontitis) in the absence of acute, chronic or exacerbation of chronic inflammatory process in periodontal tissues. Patients in this study group were also shown to have all of their upper and lower jaw teeth extracted for oral sanitation prior to dental orthopedic treatment. The microbiota was assessed before surgical sanitation of the oral cavity (before tooth extraction) and 30 to 35 days after the last tooth extraction, i.e. at complete tooth loss on the upper and lower jaws.Results. At the initial examination the frequency of detection of 5 red complex periodontopathogens (Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porhyromonas gingivalis) was from 27 to 53%, which was significantly higher than the control group (13-27%). In one month after complete tooth extraction the detection of these microorganisms in the experimental groups (with periodontitis and periodontitis) reliably decreased (Prevotella intermedia - 20%, Bacteroides forsythus - 20%, Treponema denticola - 20%, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - 20%, Porphyromonas gingivalis - 33%), which was not significantly different from the control group.Conclusion. Complete extraction of teeth has no effect on the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. in the saliva of patients with periodontal disease, but leads to a significant reduction in the presence of periodontopathogens and fungi of the genus Candida sp. in the saliva of older people.