This study investigated the effects of acute and chronic hyperprolinemia on glutamate uptake, as well as some mechanisms underlying the proline effects on glutamatergic system in rat cerebral cortex. The protective role of guanosine on effects mediated by proline was also evaluated. Results showed that acute and chronic hyperprolinemia reduced glutamate uptake, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, ATP levels and increased lipoperoxidation. GLAST and GLT-1 immunocontent were increased in acute, but not in chronic hyperprolinemic rats. Our data suggest that the effects of proline on glutamate uptake may be mediated by lipid peroxidation and disruption of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, but not by decreasing in glutamate transporters. This probably induces excitotoxicity and subsequent energy deficit. Guanosine was effective to prevent most of the effects promoted by proline, reinforcing its modulator role in counteracting the glutamate toxicity. However, further studies are needed to assess the modulatory effects of guanosine on experimental hyperprolinemia.

RESUMO:O presente estudo objetivou a modelagem farmacodinâmica da ação antihiperglicemiante da farinha da casca de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims, Passifloraceae) em ratos diabéticos induzidos por aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos (n = 9): grupo diabético tratado com 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg ou 160 mg/kg da farinha. As amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas da veia lateral da cauda e a glicemia foi determinada com auxílio de um glucômetro em 0, 1, 2, 4 e 6 h após o tratamento via oral. Observou-se que o efeito antihiperglicemiante da farinha da casca de maracujá foi dependente da dose, obtendo um efeito expressivo observado em quatro horas para todas as doses, sendo mais pronunciado na dose de 160 mg/kg. O efeito, expresso como redução da glicemia basal em relação ao tempo zero, pode ser modelado através de um modelo dose-efeito clássico, o qual permitiu a determinação do efeito máximo (E max ) e da dose necessária para alcançar 50% deste efeito (DE 50 ). Após a modelagem dos dados, obteve-se um valor de E max = 58,41% e de DE 50 = 23,61 mg/kg. Esta abordagem pode permitir a comparação do efeito antihiperglicemiante de Passiflora edulis com outras espécies que apresentem atividade sobre a redução da glicemia, mediada pela presença de fibras solúveis.Unitermos: Passiflora edulis, fibras hidrossolúveis, atividade antihiperglicemiante, modelagem farmacodinâmica, aloxan.ABSTRACT: "Investigation of antihyperglycemic activity of Passiflora edulis Sims, Passifloraceae, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats". This study goals the pharmacodynamic modeling of anti hyperglycemic action of flour of Passion fruit bark (Passiflora edulis Sims, Passifloraceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into three groups (n = 9) that received different doses: 20, 40 or 160 mg/kg of flour. The blood samples were collected from the tail vein and the blood glucose was determined using a glucometer Prestige IQ in 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the oral treatment. It was observed that the effect of the flour of Passion fruit bark was dose dependent, getting an expressive effect observed in four hours from all doses tested, being more pronounced at the 160 mg/kg dose. This effect was expressed as reduction of basal blood glucose in respect to zero time and can be modeled through a classic dose effect model. It allowed the determination of maximum effect (E max ) and the necessary dose to reach 50% of this effect (ED 50 ). After the data modeling, it was gotten a value of E max = 58,41% and ED 50 = 23,61 mg/kg. This approach allows the comparison of antyhyperglicemic effect of Passiflora edulis with other species that present activity lowering the glycemia, through the presence of soluble fibers.Keywords: Passiflora edulis, hidrossoluble fibers, antihyperglycemic, pharmacodynamic model, alloxan.não-farmacológicas, principalmente o controle da dieta e medidas farmacológicas, as quais incluem primeiramente o uso de hipoglicemiantes orais e nos casos mais graves, reposição com insulina exógena.Assim, é indicado um consumo...

Methionine synthase deficiency is very rare and characterized by megaloblastic anemia and neurological symptoms. We report the second case of MSD associated to TMA previously diagnosed as aHUS in which the patient had a poor response to eculizumab.

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Context: Hypericum caprifoliatum Cham & Schlecht (Guttiferae) extracts have a potential antidepressant-like effect in rodents. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these extracts exert this effect remain unclear.Objective: This study evaluated the effect of HC1, a fraction obtained from H. caprifoliatum enriched in phloroglucinol derivatives, on the Naþ ATPase activity in mouse brain and verified the influence of veratrine on the effect of HC1 in the forced swimming test (FST). Materials and methods: Veratrine (0.06 mg/kg) and HC1 (360 mg/kg) were given alone or combined i.p. 60 and p.o. 30 min, respectively, before FST. The effect of single and repeated administration (once a day for 3 consecutive days) of HC1 (360 mg/kg) on Na þ , K þ ATPase activity was evaluated ex vivo in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice subjected or not to FST. Results: HC1 reduced the immobility time (103.15 AE 18.67 s), when compared to the control group (183.6 AE 9.51 s). This effect was prevented by veratrine (151.75 AE 22.19 s). Mice repeatedly treated with HC1 presented a significant increase in Na þ , K þ ATPase activity, both in cerebral cortex (46 AE 2.41 nmol Pi/minÁmg protein) and hippocampus (49.83 AE 2.31 nmol Pi/minÁmg protein), in relation to the respective controls (30 AE 2.66 and 29.83 AE 2.31 nmol Pi/minÁmg protein respectively). Discussion and conclusion: The HC1 antidepressant-like effect on FST might be related to its capacity to inhibit Na þ influx. HC1 increases hippocampal and cortical Na þ , K þ ATPase activities possibly through long-term regulatory mechanisms.

RESUMOIntrodução: A doença renal é uma das principais comorbidades envolvendo pacientes infectados com o HIV, em razão da melhora da sobrevida proporcionada pela terapêutica antirretroviral. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar fatores de risco, possivelmente correlacionados com função renal alterada, em pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Métodos: Estudo transversal foi realizado em 254 pacientes infectados pelo HIV, atendidos em ambulatório na Santa Casa de Vitória. Eles foram entrevistados e submetidos a coletas de amostras de sangue para contagem de células CD4, quantificação de carga viral do HIV-1, dosagens de glicose, lipídeos e creatinina. A proteinúria foi avaliada em amostra de primeira urina da manhã. A filtração glomerular foi estimada com as fórmulas de modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) simplificada e CockcroftGault. Resultados: Cento e três (40,6%) pacientes tinham alguma anormalidade no exame de urina, sendo proteinúria o achado mais comum (46; 18,1% pacientes). Vinte e cinco (9,8%) pacientes tinham filtração glomerular estimada inferior a 60ml/min/1.73m 2 de acordo com MDRD. A análise de regressão logística multivariada mostrou que baixa filtração glomerular foi positivamente correlacionada com raça negra [OR 9,6 (IC95% 1,80 ABSTRACT Introduction:Renal disease has emerged as one of the primary comorbid conditions affecting HIV-infected patients, mainly because antiretroviral therapy has improved survival. This study aimed to detect risk factors possibly associated with altered renal function in HIV-infected patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 254 HIV-infected patients attending an outpatient clinic at Santa Casa de Vitoria< They were interviewed and blood samples were collected for CD4 cell counts, HIV-1 viral load, glucose, lipids and creatinine measurements. Urine protein was evaluated in the first voiding urine sample. Glomerular filtration was estimated by simplified modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) and CockcroftGault formulas. Results: One hundred and three (40.6%) patients presented some urinary abnormality, and proteinuria was the most common finding (46; 18.1% patients). Twenty-five (9.8%) patients showed estimated glomerular filtration below 60ml/min/1.73m 2 by MDRD. Multivariate logistic regression showed that low glomerular filtration was positively correlated with black race

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