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Abstract-Growing load factors in winter and summer peaks are a serious problem faced by the Spanish electric energy system. This has led to the extensive use of peak load plants and thus to higher costs for the whole system.Wind energy represents a strongly increasing percentage of overall electricity production, but wind normally does not follow the typical demand profile. As generation flexibility is limited due to technical restrictions, and in absence of large energy storages, the other side of the equilibrium generation-demand has to react. Demand Side Management measures intend to adapt the demand profile to the situation in the system.In this paper, the operation of an electric system with high wind penetration is modeled by means of a unit commitment problem. Demand shifting and peak shaving are introduced to this operation problem. Demand shifting is modeled in two different ways. Firstly the system operator controls the shift of demand; secondly each consumer decides its reaction to prices depending on its elasticity.The model is applied to the isolated power system of Gran Canaria. The impact of an increased installed wind capacity on operation and the cost savings resulting from the introduction of responsive demand are assessed. Furthermore, results from the different implemented demand response options are compared. Index Terms-Wind

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This paper deals with the design of underground rail system timetables that synchronize the movement of trains to allow the energy consumption from substations to be reduced by maximizing the use of regenerative-braking energy. Nowadays, most trains are equipped with regenerative-braking systems and any of this recovered energy not used by on-board auxiliary services can be consumed by other trains in the same rail section. A mathematical programming optimization model has been designed to synchronize the braking of trains arriving at station with the acceleration of trains exiting from the same or another station. In addition, a power flow model of the electrical network has been developed to calculate the power-saving factor for each synchronization event in order to encourage better synchronizations, particularly those which have fewer energy losses. These models were applied in the design of a schedule for line 3 of the Madrid underground system. This schedule was then trialled for a week. Energy savings were measured and a significant correlation with the synchronization of train movements was observed. It was concluded that a modification in the published timetables would result in energy savings, with no effect on the quality of service for passengers and low associated investment costs.