This paper aims to present partial results of a large study regarding the alternative energen solutions (sun, wind, hydrogen) for power supply of passive house placed on ClujNapoca, Romania. Five scenarios for different combinations were optimized and analyzed of hybrid energy system. The best energy and environmental performances are achieved by hydrogen technology and fuel cell, also the use of hydrogen energy is more efficient and less expensive then primary renewable energy seasonal storage by batteries.

Alternative energy resources have a significant function in the performance and decarbonization of power engendering schemes in the building application domain. Additionally, “green buildings” play a special role in reducing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions in the building sector. This research article analyzes the performance of alternative primary energy sources (sun and hydrogen) integrated into a hybrid photovoltaic panel/fuel cell system, and their optimal synergy to provide green energy for a green building. The study addresses the future hydrogen-based economy, which involves the supply of hydrogen as the fuel needed to provide fuel cell energy through a power distribution infrastructure. The objective of this research is to use fuel cells in this field and to investigate their use as a green building energy supply through a hybrid electricity generation system, which also uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy. The fuel cell hydrogen is supplied through a distribution network in which hydrogen production is outsourced and independent of the power generation system. The case study creates virtual operating conditions for this type of hybrid energy system and simulates its operation over a one-year period. The goal is to demonstrate the role and utility of fuel cells in virtual conditions by analyzing energy and economic performance indicators, as well as carbon dioxide emissions. The case study analyzes the optimal synergy between photovoltaic panels and fuel cells for the power supply of a green building. In the simulation, an optimally configured hybrid system supplies 100% of the energy to the green building while generating carbon dioxide emissions equal to 11.72% of the average value calculated for a conventional energy system providing similar energy to a standard residential building. Photovoltaic panels account for 32% of the required annual electricity production, and the fuel cells generate 68% of the total annual energy output of the system.

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This research paper presents the case study results on generating electricity based on solar resources for an existing residential building with conventional electric energy demand located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The solar energy system proposed for analysis has provided the back-up energy through two types of state-of-the-art energy storage technologies: (a) Tesla batteries and (b) hydrogen vector energy, obtained electrolytically on-site. Starting from the main imposed condition that all the building's electric energy demand be provided by the solar resource, sustainable technical solutions for renewable energy storage are of crucial importance for the successful implementation of power systems based on clean solar energy. New solar energy storage technologies are imperative for the superior harnessing of solar resources at the production site, whether it is short-term energy storage such as Tesla batteries or long-term energy storage such as hydrogen energy vector. The main objective of this work is to assess the feasibility of the proposed grid-independent energy system, which is pairing solar power to sustainable energy storage technologies within an existing residential building with conventional electric energy demand. This study aims to evaluate the optimal sizing of the solar units implemented in the design along with the optimal back-up energy storage capacities to fulfil the building's daily electricity demand in an uninterrupted mode. This article investigates the possibility of supplying 100% solar power to the existing residential building with conventional electric energy demand under constraints and limitations conditions due to the stochastic nature of building electricity consumption, volatile and intermittent nature of solar resources, local meteorological conditions specific to the building's placement and space limitations for the positioning of the photovoltaic panels. The average daily load that has been calculated for the building has a value of 6.50 kWh. To reach the proposed target of integral solar power supply, photovoltaic panels with an installed power of 7.84 kWp paired with a Tesla batteries bank with a storage capacity of 7.4 kWh are needed, and in the case of storing solar energy in the form of electrolytic hydrogen it is necessary to pair the photovoltaic panels with an installed power of 15.12 kWp, 3 kW electrolyser, 2 kW fuel cell and H 2 tank of 7 kg. The annual energy demand of 2369 kWh is achieved

Covering the energy demands under environmental protection and satisfying economic and social restrictions, together with decreasing polluting emissions, are impetuous necessities, considering that over half of the pollutant emissions released in the environment are the effect of the processes of electricity and heat production from the classic thermoelectric powerplant. Increasing energy efficiency and intensifying the use of alternative resources are key objectives of global policy. In this context, a range of new energy technologies has been developed, based on alternative energy conversion systems, which have recently been used more and more often for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat. An intensification of the use of combined energy production correlated with the tendency towards the use of clean energy resources can be helpful in achieving the global objectives of increasing fuel diversity and ensuring energy demand. The chapter aims at describing the fuel cell technology, in particular those of the SOFC type, used in the CHP for stationary applications.

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