These observations are in line with the hypothesized role of the dorsal striatum for the expression of drug habits and the well-established concept of drug-related automatized schemata, since haptic perception is more closely linked to the corresponding object-specific action pattern than visual perception. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that with the growing severity of nicotine dependence, brain regions involved in object perception, memory, self-processing, and motor control exhibit an increasing preference for haptic over visual smoking cues. This difference was not found for control stimuli. Considering the sensory modality of the presented cues could serve to develop more reliable fMRI-specific biomarkers, more ecologically valid experimental designs, and more effective cue-exposure therapies of addiction.
Challenging automotive design in the interaction of modern lightweight strategies to reduce car body weight as well as legislative regulations, impose higher requirements for future car body development. This trend leads to thinner sheet metal blanks and indicates higher requirements for narrow process windows in the entire manufacturing process to ensure the surface quality of outer shell panels. Especially, thermal loads within the coating process might cause local shape deviation in the startup phase of a new product. Further developments in multi-material-design for car body components induce material configurations with a complex deformation behavior due to different thermal expansion characteristics of the materials involved. For these reasons, there is a need to improve the prediction of the surface quality in the early car development process using numerical simulation methods. The influence of process parameters affecting the surface quality is shown and integrated into the process simulation.
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